feat!: type-check trait default methods

[asterite]

Description

Problem

Resolves #6519

Summary

This is a breaking change because this code used to compile:

trait Foo {
  fn foo(self) -> Field {
    self.x
  }
}

That is, you could access a member of self in a trait method. Because the trait default method was checked against the actual concrete type, if it had a member x it compiled fine. Now that code is rejected (like in Rust). And... we have code like that in Aztec-Packages.

Additional Context

Documentation

Check one:

• No documentation needed.
• Documentation included in this PR.
• [For Experimental Features] Documentation to be submitted in a separate PR.

PR Checklist

• I have tested the changes locally.
• I have formatted the changes with Prettier and/or cargo fmt on default settings.

[github-actions]

Peak Memory Sample

Program	Peak Memory
keccak256	78.48M
workspace	123.67M
regression_4709	422.91M
ram_blowup_regression	1.58G
private-kernel-tail	201.82M
private-kernel-reset	717.08M
private-kernel-inner	291.89M
parity-root	172.14M

[github-actions]

Compilation Report

Program	Compilation Time	%
sha256_regression	1.396s	2%
regression_4709	0.803s	3%
ram_blowup_regression	15.520s	-1%
rollup-root	4.210s	-8%
rollup-block-merge	3.660s	-12%
rollup-base-public	31.700s	6%
rollup-base-private	12.700s	2%
private-kernel-tail	1.060s	-1%
private-kernel-reset	6.734s	-2%
private-kernel-inner	2.136s	-6%
noir-contracts	84.500s	-3%

[github-actions]

Execution Report

Program	Execution Time	%
sha256_regression	0.101s	1%
regression_4709	0.001s	0%
ram_blowup_regression	0.583s	-1%
rollup-root	0.106s	-1%
rollup-block-merge	0.106s	0%
rollup-base-public	1.460s	2%
rollup-base-private	0.652s	0%
private-kernel-tail	0.023s	0%
private-kernel-reset	0.388s	-1%
private-kernel-inner	0.117s	0%

[github-actions]

Compilation Memory Report

Program	Peak Memory
keccak256	78.50M
workspace	123.75M
regression_4709	422.91M
ram_blowup_regression	1.58G
rollup-base-public	2.56G
rollup-base-private	1.25G
private-kernel-tail	201.98M
private-kernel-reset	716.61M
private-kernel-inner	292.25M

[github-actions]

Execution Memory Report

Program	Peak Memory
keccak256	74.59M
workspace	123.80M
regression_4709	315.93M
ram_blowup_regression	512.47M
rollup-base-public	773.36M
rollup-base-private	424.92M
private-kernel-tail	182.01M
private-kernel-reset	255.60M
private-kernel-inner	215.19M

[asterite]

This one also needs a release of noir-lang/noir-bignum#67

[jfecher]

LGTM!

Traits are a complex beast...