Add bullet damage type

[anothersimulacrum]

Summary

SUMMARY: Features "Separate bullet damage type from cut/stab"

Purpose of change

Currently, bullet damage is modeled the same as cut/pierce damage. This is incorrect - bullets mechanically deal damage differently than a knife or lower velocity projectile, like an arrow, would. Because bullets deal damage in a different way than a knife or arrow, they are also protected against in a different. This is evident in materials like kevlar, which is excellent at blocking bullets, but performs less well against cutting/stabbing implements.

Describe the solution

Depends on #37329 and #38882.
The first three commits are from those two PRs.
Commit by commit:

Damage loading code

• Add bullet_protec member to bionics, holding the bullet protection armor that a CBM gives.
• Add bullet type clothing mods.
• Add armor_bullet_bonus member to Creature
• Add code to load bullet type damage from damage objects
• Add DT_BULLET to the damage type enum
• Allow spells to do bullet damage and bullet damage related enchantments
• Add bullet_resist to materials
• Add armor_bullet to monsters
• Adds a warning (using debugmsg) when an item is loaded using the old damage format, because this means it is likely a gun that should be using this damage type, not stab.

Update logic for bullet resistance

• Add bullet damage/armor getters
• Use bullet damage in shotgun traps
• Update tests for bullet damage

Bullet damage UI bits

• Update UI to show bullet armor/damage

Update materials for bullet damage

• Set bullet resistance for materials to 80% of their cut resistance, arithmetically rounded

Update guns to use bullet damage

• Change the damage type from stab to bullet for guns

Update ammo to bullet damage

• Change the damage type from stab to bullet for ammunition.

Update monster bullet damage

• Bullet damage is set equal to stab damage (generally 80% of cut), arithmetically rounded

Add documentation

• Update the docs

There should be few changes to how guns damage and interact with monsters, the player, etc. in this PR, and the changes that there are should just be slight changes to armor due to rounding.

Describe alternatives you've considered

I considered setting the values for armor to be something other than largely what they were before (duplicates of piercing damage), but I decided that that probably deserved a more thorough and careful examination than I could do in this PR.

Testing

Bullet damage works correctly: Shooting a kevlar hulk with a .308 rifle does ~30 damage when their bullet damage field is populated, and ~70 when it is not.
Looking at clothing items shows bullet resistance.
Looking in the + menu shows bullet resistance.
This is a pretty big PR, so I probably need to come up with some more tests.

Additional context

I considered JSON-izing damage types first, as requested by @ZhilkinSerg, but I figured this was more important to do now (I'll JSONize later).

[ghost]

No more bulletproof chainmail?

[Aphegis]

This is a big improvement.

[mkikt4743]

cool now we can balance ESPAI vests

[kevingranade]

This pull request has been mentioned on Cataclysm: Dark Days Ahead. There might be relevant details there:

https://discourse.cataclysmdda.org/t/cut-piercing-dmg-should-not-be-used-against-bullet-dmg/23217/5

[kevingranade]

This pull request has been mentioned on Cataclysm: Dark Days Ahead. There might be relevant details there:

https://discourse.cataclysmdda.org/t/way-of-solving-excessive-damage-of-new-turrets-just-replace-ammo-type/23051/22

[lgtm-com]

This pull request introduces 1 alert when merging 5f7e0e2 into 32e6aab - view on LGTM.com

new alerts:

• 1 for Use of c-style math functions

[kevingranade]

This pull request has been mentioned on Cataclysm: Dark Days Ahead. There might be relevant details there:

https://discourse.cataclysmdda.org/t/esapi-armor-is-still-hilariously-broken/23258/3