Mirror Quantum Volume Circuits

docs/source/apidoc.md

@@ -47,6 +47,12 @@
    :members:
 ```
 
+### Mirror Quantum Volume Circuits
+```{eval-rst}
+.. automodule:: mitiq.benchmarks.mirror_qv_circuits
+   :members:
+```
+
 ## Circuit types and result types
 
 ```{eval-rst}

docs/source/refs.bib

@@ -1,6 +1,17 @@
 # Style for keys: Lastname_YYYY_PRL,
 
 # Letter A
+
+@misc{Amico_2023_arxiv,
+  author        = {{Amico}, Mirko and {Zhang}, Helena and {Jurcevic}, Petar and {Bishop}, Lev S. and {Nation}, Paul and {Wack}, Andrew and {McKay}, David C.},
+  title         = {{Defining Standard Strategies for Quantum Benchmarks}},
+  year          = {2023},
+  month         = {mar},
+  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
+  eprint        = {2303.02108},
+  primaryclass  = {quant-ph},
+}
+
 # Letter B
 
 @article{Bonet_2018_PRA,

mitiq/benchmarks/mirror_qv_circuits.py

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# Copyright (C) Unitary Fund
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the GPL license (v3) found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+"""Functions to create a Mirror Quantum Volume Benchmarking circuit
+as defined in https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.02108."""
+
+from typing import Optional
+
+
+from mitiq import QPROGRAM
+from mitiq.interface.conversions import convert_to_mitiq, convert_from_mitiq
+
+
+from mitiq.benchmarks.quantum_volume_circuits import (
+    generate_quantum_volume_circuit,
+)
+import cirq
+
+
+def generate_mirror_qv_circuit(
+    num_qubits: int,
+    depth: int,
+    decompose: bool = False,
+    seed: Optional[int] = None,
+    return_type: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> QPROGRAM:
+    """Generate a mirror quantum volume circuit with the given number of qubits
+    and depth as defined in :cite:`Amico_2023_arxiv`.
+
+    The generated circuit consists of a quantum volume circuit up to `depth/2`
+    layers followed by an inverse of the quantum volume portion up to `depth/2`
+    when `depth` is an even number.
+
+    When `depth` is odd, the layers will be changed to `depth+1`.
+
+
+    The ideal output bit-string is a string of zeroes.
+
+    Args:
+        num_qubits: The number of qubits in the generated circuit.
+        depth: The number of layers in the generated circuit.
+        decompose: Recursively decomposes the randomly sampled (numerical)
+            unitary matrix gates into simpler gates.
+        seed: Seed for generating random circuit.
+        return_type: String which specifies the type of the returned
+            circuits. See the keys of ``mitiq.SUPPORTED_PROGRAM_TYPES``
+            for options. If ``None``, the returned circuits have type
+            ``cirq.Circuit``.
+
+    Returns:
+        A quantum volume circuit acting on ``num_qubits`` qubits.
+    """
+    if depth <= 0:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "{} is invalid for the generated circuit depth.", depth
+        )
+
+    if depth % 2 == 0:
+        first_half_depth = int(depth / 2)
+    else:
+        first_half_depth = int((depth + 1) / 2)
+
+    qv_generated, _ = generate_quantum_volume_circuit(
+        num_qubits, first_half_depth, seed=seed, decompose=decompose
+    )
+    qv_half_circ, _ = convert_to_mitiq(qv_generated)
+
+    mirror_half_circ = cirq.Circuit()
+    qv_half_ops = list(qv_half_circ.all_operations())
+    for i in range(len(qv_half_ops))[::-1]:
+        op_inverse = cirq.inverse(qv_half_ops[i])
+        mirror_half_circ.append(op_inverse, strategy=cirq.InsertStrategy.NEW)
+
+    circ = qv_half_circ + mirror_half_circ
+
+    if decompose:
+        # Decompose random unitary gates into simpler gates.
+        circ = cirq.Circuit(cirq.decompose(circ))
+
+    return_type = "cirq" if not return_type else return_type
+    return convert_from_mitiq(circ, return_type)

mitiq/benchmarks/quantum_volume_circuits.py

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def generate_quantum_volume_circuit(
 
     Args:
         num_qubits: The number of qubits in the generated circuit.
-        depth: The number of qubits in the generated circuit.
+        depth: The number of layers in the generated circuit.
         decompose: Recursively decomposes the randomly sampled (numerical)
             unitary matrix gates into simpler gates.
         seed: Seed for generating random circuit.

mitiq/benchmarks/tests/test_mirror_qv_circuits.py

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# Copyright (C) Unitary Fund
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the GPL license (v3) found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+"""Tests for mirror quantum volume circuits."""
+
+
+import cirq
+import pytest
+
+from mitiq.benchmarks.mirror_qv_circuits import generate_mirror_qv_circuit
+from mitiq import SUPPORTED_PROGRAM_TYPES
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "depth_num",
+    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8],
+)
+def test_generate_mirror_qv_circuit(depth_num):
+    """Check the circuit output."""
+    test_circ = generate_mirror_qv_circuit(4, depth_num)
+
+    # check bitstring is all 0's
+    bit_test = cirq.Simulator().run(
+        test_circ + cirq.measure(test_circ.all_qubits()), repetitions=1000
+    )
+    test_bitstring = list(bit_test.measurements.values())[0][0].tolist()
+    expected_bitstring = [0] * 4
+    assert test_bitstring == expected_bitstring
+
+
+def test_bad_depth_number():
+    """Check if an unacceptable depth number rasies an error."""
+    for n in (-1, 0):
+        with pytest.raises(
+            ValueError, match="{} is invalid for the generated circuit depth."
+        ):
+            generate_mirror_qv_circuit(3, n)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("return_type", SUPPORTED_PROGRAM_TYPES.keys())
+def test_volume_conversion(return_type):
+    """Check generated circuit's return type."""
+    circuit = generate_mirror_qv_circuit(4, 3, return_type=return_type)
+    assert return_type in circuit.__module__
+
+
+def test_generate_model_circuit_with_seed():
+    """Test that a model circuit is determined by its seed."""
+    circuit_1 = generate_mirror_qv_circuit(4, 3, seed=1)
+    circuit_2 = generate_mirror_qv_circuit(4, 3, seed=1)
+    circuit_3 = generate_mirror_qv_circuit(4, 3, seed=2)
+
+    assert circuit_1 == circuit_2
+    assert circuit_2 != circuit_3
+
+
+def test_circuit_decomposition():
+    """Test that decomposed circuit consists of gates in default cirq gatest.
+    As defined in cirq.protocols.decompose_protocol, this default gateset is
+        ops.XPowGate,
+        ops.YPowGate,
+        ops.ZPowGate,
+        ops.CZPowGate,
+        ops.MeasurementGate,
+        ops.GlobalPhaseGate
+    """
+    circuit = generate_mirror_qv_circuit(4, 3, decompose=True)
+    for op in [operation for moment in circuit for operation in moment]:
+        assert op in cirq.protocols.decompose_protocol.DECOMPOSE_TARGET_GATESET