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Once Mutagen v0.19.0 is released, Mutagen Compose will continue to be installable in tandem with the archived version of Mutagen v0.18, but will not be forward-compatible with future Mutagen releases.
Note that this has no impact on the development of Mutagen itself.
Changes
A full accounting of changes since v0.17.x can be found here. Notable changes include:
NOTE: This is a pre-release version of Mutagen Compose. It should not be used on production or mission-critical systems. Use on any system is at your own risk (please see the license). For a better experience, you may wish to use the latest stable release.
Changes
This release includes the following changes from v0.17.4:
Updated to Mutagen v0.18.0-beta1, which adds support for .dockerignore-style ignore syntax
Updated to Compose v2.23.3
Updated to Go 1.21.5
Configuration
📅 Schedule: Branch creation - At any time (no schedule defined), Automerge - At any time (no schedule defined).
🚦 Automerge: Disabled by config. Please merge this manually once you are satisfied.
♻ Rebasing: Whenever PR becomes conflicted, or you tick the rebase/retry checkbox.
🔕 Ignore: Close this PR and you won't be reminded about this update again.
If you want to rebase/retry this PR, check this box
A security vulnerability has been detected in certain versions of Docker Engine, which could allow an attacker to bypass authorization plugins (AuthZ) under specific circumstances. The base likelihood of this being exploited is low. This advisory outlines the issue, identifies the affected versions, and provides remediation steps for impacted users.
Impact
Using a specially-crafted API request, an Engine API client could make the daemon forward the request or response to an authorization plugin without the body. In certain circumstances, the authorization plugin may allow a request which it would have otherwise denied if the body had been forwarded to it.
A security issue was discovered In 2018, where an attacker could bypass AuthZ plugins using a specially crafted API request. This could lead to unauthorized actions, including privilege escalation. Although this issue was fixed in Docker Engine v18.09.1 in January 2019, the fix was not carried forward to later major versions, resulting in a regression. Anyone who depends on authorization plugins that introspect the request and/or response body to make access control decisions is potentially impacted.
Docker EE v19.03.x and all versions of Mirantis Container Runtime are not vulnerable.
Vulnerability details
AuthZ bypass and privilege escalation: An attacker could exploit a bypass using an API request with Content-Length set to 0, causing the Docker daemon to forward the request without the body to the AuthZ plugin, which might approve the request incorrectly.
Initial fix: The issue was fixed in Docker Engine v18.09.1 January 2019..
Regression: The fix was not included in Docker Engine v19.03 or newer versions. This was identified in April 2024 and patches were released for the affected versions on July 23, 2024. The issue was assigned CVE-2024-41110.
Patches
docker-ce v27.1.1 containes patches to fix the vulnerability.
Patches have also been merged into the master, 19.0, 20.0, 23.0, 24.0, 25.0, 26.0, and 26.1 release branches.
Remediation steps
If you are running an affected version, update to the most recent patched version.
Mitigation if unable to update immediately:
Avoid using AuthZ plugins.
Restrict access to the Docker API to trusted parties, following the principle of least privilege.
The classic builder cache system is prone to cache poisoning if the image is built FROM scratch.
Also, changes to some instructions (most important being HEALTHCHECK and ONBUILD) would not cause a cache miss.
An attacker with the knowledge of the Dockerfile someone is using could poison their cache by making them pull a specially crafted image that would be considered as a valid cache candidate for some build steps.
For example, an attacker could create an image that is considered as a valid cache candidate for:
FROM scratch
MAINTAINER Pawel
when in fact the malicious image used as a cache would be an image built from a different Dockerfile.
In the second case, the attacker could for example substitute a different HEALTCHECK command.
Impact
23.0+ users are only affected if they explicitly opted out of Buildkit (DOCKER_BUILDKIT=0 environment variable) or are using the /build API endpoint (which uses the classic builder by default).
All users on versions older than 23.0 could be impacted. An example could be a CI with a shared cache, or just a regular Docker user pulling a malicious image due to misspelling/typosquatting.
Image build API endpoint (/build) and ImageBuild function from github.com/docker/docker/client is also affected as it the uses classic builder by default.
Patches
Patches are included in Moby releases:
v25.0.2
v24.0.9
v23.0.10
Workarounds
Use --no-cache or use Buildkit if possible (DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1, it's default on 23.0+ assuming that the buildx plugin is installed).
Use Version = types.BuilderBuildKit or NoCache = true in ImageBuildOptions for ImageBuild call.
that have unbound cardinality. It leads to the server's potential memory exhaustion when many malicious requests are sent to it.
Details
HTTP header User-Agent or HTTP method for requests can be easily set by an attacker to be random and long. The library internally uses httpconv.ServerRequest that records every value for HTTP method and User-Agent.
PoC
Send many requests with long randomly generated HTTP methods or/and User agents (e.g. a million) and observe how memory consumption increases during it.
Impact
In order to be affected, the program has to configure a metrics pipeline, use otelhttp.NewHandler wrapper, and does not filter any unknown HTTP methods or User agents on the level of CDN, LB, previous middleware, etc.
As a workaround to stop being affected otelhttp.WithFilter() can be used, but it requires manual careful configuration to not log certain requests entirely.
For convenience and safe usage of this library, it should by default mark with the label unknown non-standard HTTP methods and User agents to show that such requests were made but do not increase cardinality. In case someone wants to stay with the current behavior, library API should allow to enable it.
In PR open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go-contrib#4277, released with package version 0.44.0, the values collected for attribute http.request.method were changed to be restricted to a set of well-known values and other high cardinality attributes were removed.
that have unbound cardinality. It leads to the server's potential memory exhaustion when many malicious requests are sent to it.
Details
HTTP header User-Agent or HTTP method for requests can be easily set by an attacker to be random and long. The library internally uses httpconv.ServerRequest that records every value for HTTP method and User-Agent.
PoC
Send many requests with long randomly generated HTTP methods or/and User agents (e.g. a million) and observe how memory consumption increases during it.
Impact
In order to be affected, the program has to configure a metrics pipeline, use otelhttp.NewHandler wrapper, and does not filter any unknown HTTP methods or User agents on the level of CDN, LB, previous middleware, etc.
As a workaround to stop being affected otelhttp.WithFilter() can be used, but it requires manual careful configuration to not log certain requests entirely.
For convenience and safe usage of this library, it should by default mark with the label unknown non-standard HTTP methods and User agents to show that such requests were made but do not increase cardinality. In case someone wants to stay with the current behavior, library API should allow to enable it.
In PR open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go-contrib#4277, released with package version 0.44.0, the values collected for attribute http.request.method were changed to be restricted to a set of well-known values and other high cardinality attributes were removed.
Exposure of File Descriptor to Unintended Control Sphere ('File Descriptor Leak')
Affected range
>=1.0.0-rc93 <=1.1.11
Fixed version
1.1.12
CVSS Score
8.6
CVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Description
Impact
In runc 1.1.11 and earlier, due to an internal file descriptor leak, an attacker could cause a newly-spawned container process (from runc exec) to have a working directory in the host filesystem namespace, allowing for a container escape by giving access to the host filesystem ("attack 2"). The same attack could be used by a malicious image to allow a container process to gain access to the host filesystem through runc run ("attack 1"). Variants of attacks 1 and 2 could be also be used to overwrite semi-arbitrary host binaries, allowing for complete container escapes ("attack 3a" and "attack 3b").
Strictly speaking, while attack 3a is the most severe from a CVSS perspective, attacks 2 and 3b are arguably more dangerous in practice because they allow for a breakout from inside a container as opposed to requiring a user execute a malicious image. The reason attacks 1 and 3a are scored higher is because being able to socially engineer users is treated as a given for UI:R vectors, despite attacks 2 and 3b requiring far more minimal user interaction (just reasonable runc exec operations on a container the attacker has access to). In any case, all four attacks can lead to full control of the host system.
Attack 1: process.cwd "mis-configuration"
In runc 1.1.11 and earlier, several file descriptors were inadvertently leaked internally within runc into runc init, including a handle to the host's /sys/fs/cgroup (this leak was added in v1.0.0-rc93). If the container was configured to have process.cwd set to /proc/self/fd/7/ (the actual fd can change depending on file opening order in runc), the resulting pid1 process will have a working directory in the host mount namespace and thus the spawned process can access the entire host filesystem. This alone is not an exploit against runc, however a malicious image could make any innocuous-looking non-/ path a symlink to /proc/self/fd/7/ and thus trick a user into starting a container whose binary has access to the host filesystem.
Furthermore, prior to runc 1.1.12, runc also did not verify that the final working directory was inside the container's mount namespace after calling chdir(2) (as we have already joined the container namespace, it was incorrectly assumed there would be no way to chdir outside the container after pivot_root(2)).
The CVSS score for this attack is CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N (8.2, high severity).
Note that this attack requires a privileged user to be tricked into running a malicious container image. It should be noted that when using higher-level runtimes (such as Docker or Kubernetes), this exploit can be considered critical as it can be done remotely by anyone with the rights to start a container image (and can be exploited from within Dockerfiles using ONBUILD in the case of Docker).
Attack 2: runc exec container breakout
(This is a modification of attack 1, constructed to allow for a process inside a container to break out.)
The same fd leak and lack of verification of the working directory in attack 1 also apply to runc exec. If a malicious process inside the container knows that some administrative process will call runc exec with the --cwd argument and a given path, in most cases they can replace that path with a symlink to /proc/self/fd/7/. Once the container process has executed the container binary, PR_SET_DUMPABLE protections no longer apply and the attacker can open /proc/$exec_pid/cwd to get access to the host filesystem.
runc exec defaults to a cwd of / (which cannot be replaced with a symlink), so this attack depends on the attacker getting a user (or some administrative process) to use --cwd and figuring out what path the target working directory is. Note that if the target working directory is a parent of the program binary being executed, the attacker might be unable to replace the path with a symlink (the execve will fail in most cases, unless the host filesystem layout specifically matches the container layout in specific ways and the attacker knows which binary the runc exec is executing).
The CVSS score for this attack is CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N (7.2, high severity).
Attacks 3a and 3b: process.args host binary overwrite attack
(These are modifications of attacks 1 and 2, constructed to overwrite a host binary by using execve to bring a magic-link reference into the container.)
Attacks 1 and 2 can be adapted to overwrite a host binary by using a path like /proc/self/fd/7/../../../bin/bash as the process.args binary argument, causing a host binary to be executed by a container process. The /proc/$pid/exe handle can then be used to overwrite the host binary, as seen in CVE-2019-5736 (note that the same #! trick can be used to avoid detection as an attacker). As the overwritten binary could be something like /bin/bash, as soon as a privileged user executes the target binary on the host, the attacker can pivot to gain full access to the host.
For the purposes of CVSS scoring:
Attack 3a is attack 1 but adapted to overwrite a host binary, where a malicious image is set up to execute /proc/self/fd/7/../../../bin/bash and run a shell script that overwrites /proc/self/exe, overwriting the host copy of /bin/bash. The CVSS score for this attack is CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H (8.6, high severity).
Attack 3b is attack 2 but adapted to overwrite a host binary, where the malicious container process overwrites all of the possible runc exec target binaries inside the container (such as /bin/bash) such that a host target binary is executed and then the container process opens /proc/$pid/exe to get access to the host binary and overwrite it. The CVSS score for this attack is CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H (8.2, high severity).
As mentioned in attack 1, while 3b is scored lower it is more dangerous in practice as it doesn't require a user to run a malicious image.
Patches
runc 1.1.12 has been released, and includes patches for this issue. Note that there are four separate fixes applied:
Checking that the working directory is actually inside the container by checking whether os.Getwd returns ENOENT (Linux provides a way of detecting if cwd is outside the current namespace root). This explicitly blocks runc from executing a container process when inside a non-container path and thus eliminates attacks 1 and 2 even in the case of fd leaks.
Close all internal runc file descriptors in the final stage of runc init, right before execve. This ensures that internal file descriptors cannot be used as an argument to execve and thus eliminates attacks 3a and 3b, even in the case of fd leaks. This requires hooking into some Go runtime internals to make sure we don't close critical Go internal file descriptors.
Fixing the specific fd leaks that made these bug exploitable (mark /sys/fs/cgroup as O_CLOEXEC and backport a fix for some *os.File leaks).
In order to protect against future runc init file descriptor leaks, mark all non-stdio files as O_CLOEXEC before executing runc init.
Other Runtimes
We have discovered that several other container runtimes are either potentially vulnerable to similar attacks, or do not have sufficient protection against attacks of this nature. We recommend other container runtime authors look at our patches and make sure they at least add a getcwd() != ENOENT check as well as consider whether close_range(3, UINT_MAX, CLOSE_RANGE_CLOEXEC) before executing their equivalent of runc init is appropriate.
crun 1.12 does not leak any useful file descriptors into the runc init-equivalent process (so this attack is not exploitable as far as we can tell), but no care is taken to make sure all non-stdio files are O_CLOEXEC and there is no check after chdir(2) to ensure the working directory is inside the container. If a file descriptor happened to be leaked in the future, this could be exploitable. In addition, any file descriptors passed to crun are not closed until the container process is executed, meaning that easily-overlooked programming errors by users of crun can lead to these attacks becoming exploitable.
youki 0.3.1 does not leak any useful file descriptors into the runc init-equivalent process (so this attack is not exploitable as far as we can tell) however this appears to be pure luck. youki does leak a directory file descriptor from the host mount namespace, but it just so happens that the directory is the rootfs of the container (which then gets pivot_root'd into and so ends up as a in-root path thanks to chroot_fs_refs). In addition, no care is taken to make sure all non-stdio files are O_CLOEXEC and there is no check after chdir(2) to ensure the working directory is inside the container. If a file descriptor happened to be leaked in the future, this could be exploitable. In addition, any file descriptors passed to youki are not closed until the container process is executed, meaning that easily-overlooked programming errors by users of youki can lead to these attacks becoming exploitable.
LXC 5.0.3 does not appear to leak any useful file descriptors, and they have comments noting the importance of not leaking file descriptors in lxc-attach. However, they don't seem to have any proactive protection against file descriptor leaks at the point of chdir such as using close_range(...) (they do have RAII-like __do_fclose closers but those don't necessarily stop all leaks in this context) nor do they have any check after chdir(2) to ensure the working directory is inside the container. Unfortunately it seems they cannot use CLOSE_RANGE_CLOEXEC because they don't need to re-exec themselves.
Workarounds
For attacks 1 and 2, only permit containers (and runc exec) to use a process.cwd of /. It is not possible for / to be replaced with a symlink (the path is resolved from within the container's mount namespace, and you cannot change the root of a mount namespace or an fs root to a symlink).
For attacks 1 and 3a, only permit users to run trusted images.
For attack 3b, there is no practical workaround other than never using runc exec because any binary you try to execute with runc exec could end up being a malicious binary target.
Thanks to Rory McNamara from Snyk for discovering and disclosing the original vulnerability (attack 1) to Docker, @lifubang from acmcoder for discovering how to adapt the attack to overwrite host binaries (attack 3a), and Aleksa Sarai from SUSE for discovering how to adapt the attacks to work as container breakouts using runc exec (attacks 2 and 3b).
OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
Affected range
<1.2.0-rc.1
Fixed version
1.2.0-rc.1
CVSS Score
7.2
CVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Description
Withdrawn Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it was incorrectly attributed to runc. Please see the issue here for more information.
Original Description
A flaw was found in cri-o, where an arbitrary systemd property can be injected via a Pod annotation. Any user who can create a pod with an arbitrary annotation may perform an arbitrary action on the host system. This issue has its root in how runc handles Config Annotations lists.
runc 1.1.13 and earlier as well as 1.2.0-rc2 and earlier can be tricked into
creating empty files or directories in arbitrary locations in the host
filesystem by sharing a volume between two containers and exploiting a race
with os.MkdirAll. While this can be used to create empty files, existing
files will not be truncated.
An attacker must have the ability to start containers using some kind of custom
volume configuration. Containers using user namespaces are still affected, but
the scope of places an attacker can create inodes can be significantly reduced.
Sufficiently strict LSM policies (SELinux/Apparmor) can also in principle block
this attack -- we suspect the industry standard SELinux policy may restrict
this attack's scope but the exact scope of protection hasn't been analysed.
This is exploitable using runc directly as well as through Docker and
Kubernetes.
The CVSS score for this vulnerability is
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N (Low severity, 3.6).
Workarounds
Using user namespaces restricts this attack fairly significantly such that the
attacker can only create inodes in directories that the remapped root
user/group has write access to. Unless the root user is remapped to an actual
user on the host (such as with rootless containers that don't use
/etc/sub[ug]id), this in practice means that an attacker would only be able to
create inodes in world-writable directories.
A strict enough SELinux or AppArmor policy could in principle also restrict the
scope if a specific label is applied to the runc runtime, though we haven't
thoroughly tested to what extent the standard existing policies block this
attack nor what exact policies are needed to sufficiently restrict this attack.
// UnaryServerInterceptor returns a grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor suitable
// for use in a grpc.NewServer call.
func UnaryServerInterceptor(opts ...Option) grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor {
out of the box adds labels
net.peer.sock.addr
net.peer.sock.port
that have unbound cardinality. It leads to the server's potential memory exhaustion when many malicious requests are sent.
Details
An attacker can easily flood the peer address and port for requests.
PoC
Apply the attached patch to the example and run the client multiple times. Observe how each request will create a unique histogram and how the memory consumption increases during it.
Impact
In order to be affected, the program has to configure a metrics pipeline, use UnaryServerInterceptor, and does not filter any client IP address and ports via middleware or proxies, etc.
Others
It is similar to already reported vulnerabilities.
/sys/devices/virtual/powercap accessible by default to containers
Intel's RAPL (Running Average Power Limit) feature, introduced by the Sandy Bridge microarchitecture, provides software insights into hardware energy consumption. To facilitate this, Intel introduced the powercap framework in Linux kernel 3.13, which reads values via relevant MSRs (model specific registers) and provides unprivileged userspace access via sysfs. As RAPL is an interface to access a hardware feature, it is only available when running on bare metal with the module compiled into the kernel.
By 2019, it was realized that in some cases unprivileged access to RAPL readings could be exploited as a power-based side-channel against security features including AES-NI (potentially inside a SGX enclave) and KASLR (kernel address space layout randomization). Also known as the PLATYPUS attack, Intel assigned CVE-2020-8694 and CVE-2020-8695, and AMD assigned CVE-2020-12912.
Several mitigations were applied; Intel reduced the sampling resolution via a microcode update, and the Linux kernel prevents access by non-root users since 5.10. However, this kernel-based mitigation does not apply to many container-based scenarios:
Unless using user namespaces, root inside a container has the same level of privilege as root outside the container, but with a slightly more narrow view of the system
sysfs is mounted inside containers read-only; however only read access is needed to carry out this attack on an unpatched CPU
While this is not a direct vulnerability in container runtimes, defense in depth and safe defaults are valuable and preferred, especially as this poses a risk to multi-tenant container environments. This is provided by masking /sys/devices/virtual/powercap in the default mount configuration, and adding an additional set of rules to deny it in the default AppArmor profile.
While sysfs is not the only way to read from the RAPL subsystem, other ways of accessing it require additional capabilities such as CAP_SYS_RAWIO which is not available to containers by default, or perf paranoia level less than 1, which is a non-default kernel tunable.
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This PR contains the following updates:
0.17.6->0.18.0Warning
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Release Notes
mutagen-io/mutagen-compose (mutagen-io/mutagen-compose)
v0.18.0Compare Source
Overview
Mutagen Compose v0.18.x is primarily focused on updating the underlying Mutagen dependency.
Please see the note below regarding the deprecation of Mutagen Compose.
NOTE: The official release binaries for Mutagen and Mutagen Compose v0.17.x and later now include SSPL-licensed code.
!!! Deprecation Notice !!!
The v0.18.x release series of Mutagen Compose will be the last to be released. It will retain Docker Compose v2.23.3 as its underlying implementation.
The functionality of Mutagen Compose is now provided by Synchronized File Shares, the associated Docker Compose integration, and the improved performance of Virtiofs file sharing.
Once Mutagen v0.19.0 is released, Mutagen Compose will continue to be installable in tandem with the archived version of Mutagen v0.18, but will not be forward-compatible with future Mutagen releases.
Note that this has no impact on the development of Mutagen itself.
Changes
A full accounting of changes since v0.17.x can be found here. Notable changes include:
v0.18.0-rc3Compare Source
Changes
This release includes the following changes from v0.18.0-rc2:
v0.18.0-rc2Compare Source
Changes
This release includes the following changes from v0.18.0-rc1:
v0.18.0-rc1Compare Source
Changes
This release includes the following changes from v0.18.0-beta2:
v0.18.0-beta2Compare Source
Changes
This release includes the following changes from v0.18.0-beta1:
v0.18.0-beta1Compare Source
NOTE: This is a pre-release version of Mutagen Compose. It should not be used on production or mission-critical systems. Use on any system is at your own risk (please see the license). For a better experience, you may wish to use the latest stable release.
Changes
This release includes the following changes from v0.17.4:
.dockerignore-style ignore syntaxConfiguration
📅 Schedule: Branch creation - At any time (no schedule defined), Automerge - At any time (no schedule defined).
🚦 Automerge: Disabled by config. Please merge this manually once you are satisfied.
♻ Rebasing: Whenever PR becomes conflicted, or you tick the rebase/retry checkbox.
🔕 Ignore: Close this PR and you won't be reminded about this update again.
This PR has been generated by Renovate Bot.