Fix Node-API bugs (1/n)

[190n]

What does this PR do?

This should only be merged after #15437 and #16223 are merged (because those are broad Node-API refactors, and merging more Node-API stuff into main will just make more conflicts for merging those PRs).

This is a few commits from #14501 split into a separate PR. Fixes:

• Properties would not be marked read-only
• Read-only properties would have setters (Read-only instance accessors defined through Node-API incorrectly have setters #15429)
• napi_define_class did not check if all its arguments are NULL
• All napi_coerce functions didn't handle exceptions correctly
• napi_get_value_bool didn't handle non-booleans correctly
• Constructor functions would get NULL from napi_get_cb_info instead of the data pointer provided when the class was created

How did you verify your code works?

Current Node-API tests pass.

[robobun]

^{Updated 6:59 PM PT - Jan 7th, 2025}

❌ @190n, your commit b3387f4 has 1 failures in #9148:

• test/bundler/native-plugin.test.ts - 2 failing on 🍎 14 aarch64
• test/bundler/native-plugin.test.ts - 2 failing on 🍎 14 x64
• test/bundler/native-plugin.test.ts - 2 failing on 🐧 12 aarch64
• test/bundler/native-plugin.test.ts - 2 failing on 🐧 22.04 aarch64
• test/bundler/native-plugin.test.ts - 2 failing on 🐧 20.04 aarch64
• test/bundler/native-plugin.test.ts - 2 failing on 🐧 24.04 aarch64
• test/bundler/native-plugin.test.ts - 2 failing on 🐧 12 x64
• test/bundler/native-plugin.test.ts - 2 failing on 🐧 24.04 x64
• test/bundler/native-plugin.test.ts - 2 failing on 🐧 22.04 x64
• test/bundler/native-plugin.test.ts - 2 failing on 🐧 20.04 x64
• test/bundler/native-plugin.test.ts - 1 failing on 🪟 2019 x64-baseline
• test/bundler/native-plugin.test.ts - 2 failing on 🐧 24.04 x64-baseline
• test/bundler/native-plugin.test.ts - 2 failing on 🐧 20.04 x64-baseline
• test/bundler/native-plugin.test.ts - 2 failing on 🐧 12 x64-baseline
• test/bundler/native-plugin.test.ts - 1 failing on 🪟 2019 x64
• test/bundler/native-plugin.test.ts - 2 failing on 🐧 22.04 x64-baseline
• test/bundler/native-plugin.test.ts - 2 failing on 🍎 13 aarch64
• test/bundler/native-plugin.test.ts - 2 failing on 🐧 3.20 aarch64
• test/bundler/native-plugin.test.ts - 2 failing on 🐧 3.20 x64
• test/bundler/native-plugin.test.ts - 2 failing on 🍎 13 x64
• test/bundler/native-plugin.test.ts - 2 failing on 🐧 3.20 x64-baseline

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🧪   try this PR locally:

bunx bun-pr 16230