http to https

README.md

@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ To download the latest version of the `configlet` tool, please run the [`fetch-c
 There are also some conventions that must be followed:
 
 - Descriptions should not simply explain **what** each case is (that is redundant information) but also **why** each case is there. For example, what kinds of implementation mistakes might this case help us find?
-- All keys should follow the [lowerCamelCase](http://wiki.c2.com/?LowerCamelCase) convention.
+- All keys should follow the [lowerCamelCase](https://wiki.c2.com/?LowerCamelCase) convention.
 - If the input is valid but there is no result for the input, the value at `"expected"` should be `null`.
 - If an error is expected (because the input is invalid, or any other reason), the value at `"expected"` should be an object containing exactly one property, `"error"`, whose value is a string.
   - The string should explain why the error would occur.

exercises/affine-cipher/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Affine Cipher"
 blurb = "Create an implementation of the Affine cipher, an ancient encryption algorithm from the Middle East."
 source = "Wikipedia"
-source_url = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affine_cipher"
+source_url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affine_cipher"

exercises/allergies/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Allergies"
 blurb = "Given a person's allergy score, determine whether or not they're allergic to a given item, and their full list of allergies."
-source = "Jumpstart Lab Warm-up"
-source_url = "http://jumpstartlab.com"
+source = "Exercise by the JumpstartLab team for students at The Turing School of Software and Design."
+source_url = "https://turing.edu"

exercises/atbash-cipher/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Atbash Cipher"
 blurb = "Create an implementation of the atbash cipher, an ancient encryption system created in the Middle East."
 source = "Wikipedia"
-source_url = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atbash"
+source_url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atbash"

exercises/beer-song/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Beer Song"
 blurb = "Produce the lyrics to that beloved classic, that field-trip favorite: 99 Bottles of Beer on the Wall."
 source = "Learn to Program by Chris Pine"
-source_url = "http://pine.fm/LearnToProgram/?Chapter=06"
+source_url = "https://pine.fm/LearnToProgram/?Chapter=06"

exercises/binary-search/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Binary Search"
 blurb = "Implement a binary search algorithm."
 source = "Wikipedia"
-source_url = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search_algorithm"
+source_url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search_algorithm"

exercises/binary/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Binary"
 blurb = "Convert a binary number, represented as a string (e.g. '101010'), to its decimal equivalent using first principles."
 source = "All of Computer Science"
-source_url = "http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=binary&a=*C.binary-_*MathWorld-"
+source_url = "https://www.wolframalpha.com/examples/mathematics/numbers/base-conversions"

exercises/bob/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Bob"
 blurb = "Bob is a lackadaisical teenager. In conversation, his responses are very limited."
 source = "Inspired by the 'Deaf Grandma' exercise in Chris Pine's Learn to Program tutorial."
-source_url = "http://pine.fm/LearnToProgram/?Chapter=06"
+source_url = "https://pine.fm/LearnToProgram/?Chapter=06"

exercises/book-store/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Book Store"
 blurb = "To try and encourage more sales of different books from a popular 5 book series, a bookshop has decided to offer discounts of multiple-book purchases."
 source = "Inspired by the harry potter kata from Cyber-Dojo."
-source_url = "http://cyber-dojo.org"
+source_url = "https://cyber-dojo.org"

exercises/circular-buffer/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Circular Buffer"
 blurb = "A data structure that uses a single, fixed-size buffer as if it were connected end-to-end."
 source = "Wikipedia"
-source_url = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer"
+source_url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer"

exercises/crypto-square/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Crypto Square"
 blurb = "Implement the classic method for composing secret messages called a square code."
 source = "J Dalbey's Programming Practice problems"
-source_url = "http://users.csc.calpoly.edu/~jdalbey/103/Projects/ProgrammingPractice.html"
+source_url = "https://users.csc.calpoly.edu/~jdalbey/103/Projects/ProgrammingPractice.html"

exercises/darts/description.md

@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ Write a function that given a point in the target (defined by its [Cartesian coo
 
 [darts]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darts
 [darts-target]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darts#/media/File:Darts_in_a_dartboard.jpg
-[concentric]: http://mathworld.wolfram.com/ConcentricCircles.html
+[concentric]: https://mathworld.wolfram.com/ConcentricCircles.html
 [cartesian-coordinates]: https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/cartesian-coordinates.html
 [real-numbers]: https://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/real-numbers.html

exercises/difference-of-squares/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Difference of Squares"
 blurb = "Find the difference between the square of the sum and the sum of the squares of the first N natural numbers."
 source = "Problem 6 at Project Euler"
-source_url = "http://projecteuler.net/problem=6"
+source_url = "https://projecteuler.net/problem=6"

exercises/diffie-hellman/canonical-data.json

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
     "  - Validate that `p`, `g` are valid.                                    ",
     "  - Validate that keys given as inputs are valid.                        ",
     "  Resources that show what happens if parameters are not validated:      ",
-    "  http://cryptopals.com/sets/5/challenges/34                             ",
-    "  http://cryptopals.com/sets/5/challenges/35                             ",
+    "  https://cryptopals.com/sets/5/challenges/34                             ",
+    "  https://cryptopals.com/sets/5/challenges/35                             ",
     "                                                                         ",
     "* Large numbers:                                                         ",
     "  Although the calculations fundamentally do not require large numbers,  ",

exercises/diffie-hellman/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Diffie-Hellman"
 blurb = "Diffie-Hellman key exchange."
 source = "Wikipedia, 1024 bit key from www.cryptopp.com/wiki."
-source_url = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffie%E2%80%93Hellman_key_exchange"
+source_url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffie%E2%80%93Hellman_key_exchange"

exercises/dnd-character/description.md

@@ -28,4 +28,4 @@ Most programming languages feature (pseudo-)random generators, but few programmi
 One such language is [Troll][troll].
 
 [dnd]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons
-[troll]: http://hjemmesider.diku.dk/~torbenm/Troll/
+[troll]: https://di.ku.dk/Ansatte/?pure=da%2Fpublications%2Ftroll-a-language-for-specifying-dicerolls(84a45ff0-068b-11df-825d-000ea68e967b)%2Fexport.html

exercises/dot-dsl/description.md

@@ -26,5 +26,5 @@ More information about the difference between internal and external DSLs can be
 
 [dsl]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain-specific_language
 [dot-language]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOT_(graph_description_language)
-[graphviz]: http://graphviz.org/
+[graphviz]: https://graphviz.org/
 [fowler-dsl]: https://martinfowler.com/bliki/DomainSpecificLanguage.html

exercises/etl/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "ETL"
 blurb = "We are going to do the `Transform` step of an Extract-Transform-Load."
-source = "The Jumpstart Lab team"
-source_url = "http://jumpstartlab.com"
+source = "Exercise by the JumpstartLab team for students at The Turing School of Software and Design."
+source_url = "https://turing.edu"

exercises/food-chain/description.md

@@ -61,4 +61,4 @@ I know an old lady who swallowed a horse.
 She's dead, of course!
 ```
 
-[cumulative-song]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumulative_song
+[cumulative-song]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumulative_song

exercises/food-chain/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Food Chain"
 blurb = "Generate the lyrics of the song 'I Know an Old Lady Who Swallowed a Fly'."
 source = "Wikipedia"
-source_url = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There_Was_an_Old_Lady_Who_Swallowed_a_Fly"
+source_url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There_Was_an_Old_Lady_Who_Swallowed_a_Fly"

exercises/gigasecond/canonical-data.json

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
     "For languages with a native date-time type though, expected times",
     "here show the correct seconds, ignoring leap seconds.",
     "The date and time formats here are per",
-    "http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-15.9.1.15.",
+    "https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-15.9.1.15.",
     "",
     "Finally, as a demonstration but not really a test,",
     "some languages demonstrate the add function by inviting the",

exercises/gigasecond/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Gigasecond"
 blurb = "Given a moment, determine the moment that would be after a gigasecond has passed."
 source = "Chapter 9 in Chris Pine's online Learn to Program tutorial."
-source_url = "http://pine.fm/LearnToProgram/?Chapter=09"
+source_url = "https://pine.fm/LearnToProgram/?Chapter=09"

exercises/go-counting/description.md

@@ -28,4 +28,4 @@ To be more precise an empty intersection is part of a player's territory if all
 For more information see [wikipedia][go-wikipedia] or [Sensei's Library][go-sensei].
 
 [go-wikipedia]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_%28game%29
-[go-sensei]: http://senseis.xmp.net/
+[go-sensei]: https://senseis.xmp.net/

exercises/grains/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Grains"
 blurb = "Calculate the number of grains of wheat on a chessboard given that the number on each square doubles."
-source = "JavaRanch Cattle Drive, exercise 6"
-source_url = "http://www.javaranch.com/grains.jsp"
+source = "The CodeRanch Cattle Drive, Assignment 6"
+source_url = "https://coderanch.com/wiki/718824/Grains"

exercises/grep/description.md

@@ -76,4 +76,4 @@ The `grep` command should support multiple flags at once.
 For example, running `grep -l -v "hello" file1.txt file2.txt` should
 print the names of files that do not contain the string "hello".
 
-[grep]: http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/grep.html
+[grep]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/grep.html

exercises/grep/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Grep"
 blurb = "Search a file for lines matching a regular expression pattern. Return the line number and contents of each matching line."
 source = "Conversation with Nate Foster."
-source_url = "http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Courses/cs3110/2014sp/hw/0/ps0.pdf"
+source_url = "https://www.cs.cornell.edu/Courses/cs3110/2014sp/hw/0/ps0.pdf"

exercises/hamming/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Hamming"
 blurb = "Calculate the Hamming difference between two DNA strands."
 source = "The Calculating Point Mutations problem at Rosalind"
-source_url = "http://rosalind.info/problems/hamm/"
+source_url = "https://rosalind.info/problems/hamm/"

exercises/hello-world/description.md

@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ The objectives are simple:
 
 If everything goes well, you will be ready to fetch your first real exercise.
 
-[hello-world]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22Hello,_world!%22_program
+[hello-world]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22Hello,_world!%22_program

exercises/hello-world/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Hello World"
 blurb = "The classical introductory exercise. Just say \"Hello, World!\"."
 source = "This is an exercise to introduce users to using Exercism"
-source_url = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22Hello,_world!%22_program"
+source_url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22Hello,_world!%22_program"

exercises/hexadecimal/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Hexadecimal"
 blurb = "Convert a hexadecimal number, represented as a string (e.g. \"10af8c\"), to its decimal equivalent using first principles (i.e. no, you may not use built-in or external libraries to accomplish the conversion)."
 source = "All of Computer Science"
-source_url = "http://www.wolframalpha.com/examples/NumberBases.html"
+source_url = "https://www.wolframalpha.com/examples/mathematics/numbers/base-conversions"

exercises/house/description.md

@@ -102,4 +102,4 @@ that ate the malt
 that lay in the house that Jack built.
 ```
 
-[papyr]: http://papyr.com/hypertextbooks/grammar/ph_noun.htm
+[papyr]: https://papyr.com/hypertextbooks/grammar/ph_noun.htm

exercises/house/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "House"
 blurb = "Output the nursery rhyme 'This is the House that Jack Built'."
 source = "British nursery rhyme"
-source_url = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Is_The_House_That_Jack_Built"
+source_url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Is_The_House_That_Jack_Built"

exercises/kindergarten-garden/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Kindergarten Garden"
 blurb = "Given a diagram, determine which plants each child in the kindergarten class is responsible for."
-source = "Random musings during airplane trip."
-source_url = "http://jumpstartlab.com"
+source = "Exercise by the JumpstartLab team for students at The Turing School of Software and Design."
+source_url = "https://turing.edu"

exercises/largest-series-product/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Largest Series Product"
 blurb = "Given a string of digits, calculate the largest product for a contiguous substring of digits of length n."
 source = "A variation on Problem 8 at Project Euler"
-source_url = "http://projecteuler.net/problem=8"
+source_url = "https://projecteuler.net/problem=8"

exercises/leap/description.md

@@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ Though our exercise adopts some very simple rules, there is more to learn!
 
 For a delightful, four minute explanation of the whole leap year phenomenon, go watch [this youtube video][video].
 
-[video]: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xX96xng7sAE
+[video]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xX96xng7sAE

exercises/leap/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Leap"
 blurb = "Given a year, report if it is a leap year."
-source = "JavaRanch Cattle Drive, exercise 3"
-source_url = "http://www.javaranch.com/leap.jsp"
+source = "CodeRanch Cattle Drive, Assignment 3"
+source_url = "https://coderanch.com/t/718816/Leap"

exercises/luhn/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Luhn"
 blurb = "Given a number determine whether or not it is valid per the Luhn formula."
 source = "The Luhn Algorithm on Wikipedia"
-source_url = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm"
+source_url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm"

exercises/matrix/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Matrix"
 blurb = "Given a string representing a matrix of numbers, return the rows and columns of that matrix."
-source = "Warmup to the `saddle-points` warmup."
-source_url = "http://jumpstartlab.com"
+source = "Exercise by the JumpstartLab team for students at The Turing School of Software and Design."
+source_url = "https://turing.edu"

exercises/nth-prime/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Nth Prime"
 blurb = "Given a number n, determine what the nth prime is."
 source = "A variation on Problem 7 at Project Euler"
-source_url = "http://projecteuler.net/problem=7"
+source_url = "https://projecteuler.net/problem=8"

exercises/nucleotide-count/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Nucleotide Count"
 blurb = "Given a DNA string, compute how many times each nucleotide occurs in the string."
 source = "The Calculating DNA Nucleotides_problem at Rosalind"
-source_url = "http://rosalind.info/problems/dna/"
+source_url = "https://rosalind.info/problems/dna/"

exercises/ocr-numbers/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "OCR Numbers"
 blurb = "Given a 3 x 4 grid of pipes, underscores, and spaces, determine which number is represented, or whether it is garbled."
 source = "Inspired by the Bank OCR kata"
-source_url = "http://codingdojo.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?KataBankOCR"
+source_url = "https://codingdojo.org/kata/BankOCR/"

exercises/octal/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Octal"
 blurb = "Convert a octal number, represented as a string (e.g. '1735263'), to its decimal equivalent using first principles (i.e. no, you may not use built-in or external libraries to accomplish the conversion)."
 source = "All of Computer Science"
-source_url = "http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=base+8"
+source_url = "https://www.wolframalpha.com/examples/mathematics/numbers/base-conversions"

exercises/paasio/description.md

@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ The wrapper must report:
 - The total number of bytes read/written.
 - The total number of read/write operations.
 
-[paas]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_as_a_service
+[paas]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_as_a_service

exercises/palindrome-products/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Palindrome Products"
 blurb = "Detect palindrome products in a given range."
 source = "Problem 4 at Project Euler"
-source_url = "http://projecteuler.net/problem=4"
+source_url = "https://projecteuler.net/problem=4"

exercises/pascals-triangle/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Pascal's Triangle"
 blurb = "Compute Pascal's triangle up to a given number of rows."
 source = "Pascal's Triangle at Wolfram Math World"
-source_url = "http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PascalsTriangle.html"
+source_url = "https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=Pascal%27s+triangle"

exercises/perfect-numbers/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Perfect Numbers"
 blurb = "Determine if a number is perfect, abundant, or deficient based on Nicomachus' (60 - 120 CE) classification scheme for positive integers."
 source = "Taken from Chapter 2 of Functional Thinking by Neal Ford."
-source_url = "http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920029687.do"
+source_url = "https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/functional-thinking/9781449365509/"

exercises/phone-number/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Phone Number"
 blurb = "Clean up user-entered phone numbers so that they can be sent SMS messages."
-source = "Event Manager by JumpstartLab"
-source_url = "http://tutorials.jumpstartlab.com/projects/eventmanager.html"
+source = "Exercise by the JumpstartLab team for students at The Turing School of Software and Design."
+source_url = "https://turing.edu"

exercises/pig-latin/description.md

@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ There are a few more rules for edge cases, and there are regional variants too.
 
 Read more about [Pig Latin on Wikipedia][pig-latin].
 
-[pig-latin]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_latin
+[pig-latin]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_latin

exercises/point-mutations/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Point Mutations"
 blurb = "Calculate the Hamming difference between two DNA strands."
 source = "The Calculating Point Mutations problem at Rosalind"
-source_url = "http://rosalind.info/problems/hamm/"
+source_url = "https://rosalind.info/problems/hamm/"

exercises/protein-translation/description.md

@@ -42,4 +42,4 @@ UAA, UAG, UGA         | STOP
 
 Learn more about [protein translation on Wikipedia][protein-translation].
 
-[protein-translation]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_(biology)
+[protein-translation]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_(biology)

exercises/proverb/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Proverb"
 blurb = "For want of a horseshoe nail, a kingdom was lost, or so the saying goes. Output the full text of this proverbial rhyme."
 source = "Wikipedia"
-source_url = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For_Want_of_a_Nail"
+source_url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For_Want_of_a_Nail"

exercises/pythagorean-triplet/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Pythagorean Triplet"
 blurb = "There exists exactly one Pythagorean triplet for which a + b + c = 1000. Find the product a * b * c."
 source = "Problem 9 at Project Euler"
-source_url = "http://projecteuler.net/problem=9"
+source_url = "https://projecteuler.net/problem=9"

exercises/queen-attack/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Queen Attack"
 blurb = "Given the position of two queens on a chess board, indicate whether or not they are positioned so that they can attack each other."
 source = "J Dalbey's Programming Practice problems"
-source_url = "http://users.csc.calpoly.edu/~jdalbey/103/Projects/ProgrammingPractice.html"
+source_url = "https://users.csc.calpoly.edu/~jdalbey/103/Projects/ProgrammingPractice.html"

exercises/roman-numerals/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Roman Numerals"
 blurb = "Write a function to convert from normal numbers to Roman Numerals."
 source = "The Roman Numeral Kata"
-source_url = "http://codingdojo.org/cgi-bin/index.pl?KataRomanNumerals"
+source_url = "https://codingdojo.org/kata/RomanNumerals/"

exercises/saddle-points/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Saddle Points"
 blurb = "Detect saddle points in a matrix."
 source = "J Dalbey's Programming Practice problems"
-source_url = "http://users.csc.calpoly.edu/~jdalbey/103/Projects/ProgrammingPractice.html"
+source_url = "https://users.csc.calpoly.edu/~jdalbey/103/Projects/ProgrammingPractice.html"

exercises/say/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Say"
 blurb = "Given a number from 0 to 999,999,999,999, spell out that number in English."
-source = "A variation on JavaRanch CattleDrive, exercise 4a"
-source_url = "http://www.javaranch.com/say.jsp"
+source = "A variation on the JavaRanch CattleDrive, Assignment 4"
+source_url = "https://coderanch.com/wiki/718804"

exercises/secret-handshake/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Secret Handshake"
 blurb = "Given a decimal number, convert it to the appropriate sequence of events for a secret handshake."
 source = "Bert, in Mary Poppins"
-source_url = "http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0058331/quotes/qt0437047"
+source_url = "https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0058331/quotes/qt0437047"

exercises/series/metadata.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 title = "Series"
 blurb = "Given a string of digits, output all the contiguous substrings of length `n` in that string."
 source = "A subset of the Problem 8 at Project Euler"
-source_url = "http://projecteuler.net/problem=8"
+source_url = "https://projecteuler.net/problem=8"