Fix Tripped Assertion on Resync during Node Shutdown (#71062) (#71101)

We can have a race here where the closed check passes and then we concurrently to
a shard close try to fail the shard also. Previously this was covered by the catch below
the changed code that would just ignore the already-closed exception but with #69949 we're
now forking to the generic pool for this logic and thus have to handle the exception in the
callback as well.

server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/shard/IndexShard.java

@@ -592,7 +592,11 @@ public void onFailure(Exception e) {
                                         if (state == IndexShardState.CLOSED) {
                                             // ignore, shutting down
                                         } else {
-                                            failShard("exception during primary-replica resync", e);
+                                            try {
+                                                failShard("exception during primary-replica resync", e);
+                                            } catch (AlreadyClosedException ace) {
+                                                // okay, the index was deleted
+                                            }
                                         }
                                     }
                                 });