[clang] SIGSEGV at DeduceTemplateArgumentsByTypeMatch

There is a SIGSEGV at `DeduceTemplateArgumentsByTypeMatch`. The bug [#51171](https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=51171) was filled. The reproducer can be found at the bug description.

LIT test for the issue was added:
```
./bin/llvm-lit -v ../clang/test/SemaCXX/pr51171-crash.cpp
```

The debug stack trace is below:
```
 #0 0x00000000055afcb9 llvm::sys::PrintStackTrace(llvm::raw_ostream&, int) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/llvm/lib/Support/Unix/Signals.inc:565:22
 #1 0x00000000055afd70 PrintStackTraceSignalHandler(void*) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/llvm/lib/Support/Unix/Signals.inc:632:1
 #2 0x00000000055add2d llvm::sys::RunSignalHandlers() /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/llvm/lib/Support/Signals.cpp:97:20
 #3 0x00000000055af701 SignalHandler(int) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/llvm/lib/Support/Unix/Signals.inc:407:1
 #4 0x00007ffff7bc2b20 __restore_rt sigaction.c:0:0
 #5 0x00007ffff66a337f raise (/lib64/libc.so.6+0x3737f)
 #6 0x00007ffff668ddb5 abort (/lib64/libc.so.6+0x21db5)
 #7 0x00007ffff668dc89 _nl_load_domain.cold.0 loadmsgcat.c:0:0
 #8 0x00007ffff669ba76 .annobin___GI___assert_fail.end assert.c:0:0
 #9 0x000000000594b210 clang::QualType::getCommonPtr() const /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/include/clang/AST/Type.h:684:5
#10 0x0000000005a12ca6 clang::QualType::getCanonicalType() const /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/include/clang/AST/Type.h:6467:36
#11 0x0000000005a137a6 clang::ASTContext::getCanonicalType(clang::QualType) const /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/include/clang/AST/ASTContext.h:2433:58
#12 0x0000000009204584 DeduceTemplateArgumentsByTypeMatch(clang::Sema&, clang::TemplateParameterList*, clang::QualType, clang::QualType, clang::sema::TemplateDeductionInfo&, llvm::SmallVectorImpl<clang::DeducedTemplateArgument>&, unsigned int, bool, bool) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateDeduction.cpp:1355:54
#13 0x000000000920df0d clang::Sema::DeduceTemplateArguments(clang::FunctionTemplateDecl*, clang::TemplateArgumentListInfo*, clang::QualType, clang::FunctionDecl*&, clang::sema::TemplateDeductionInfo&, bool) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateDeduction.cpp:4354:47
#14 0x0000000009012b09 (anonymous namespace)::AddressOfFunctionResolver::AddMatchingTemplateFunction(clang::FunctionTemplateDecl*, clang::DeclAccessPair const&) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Sema/SemaOverload.cpp:12026:38
#15 0x0000000009013030 (anonymous namespace)::AddressOfFunctionResolver::FindAllFunctionsThatMatchTargetTypeExactly() /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Sema/SemaOverload.cpp:12119:9
#16 0x0000000009012679 (anonymous namespace)::AddressOfFunctionResolver::AddressOfFunctionResolver(clang::Sema&, clang::Expr*, clang::QualType const&, bool) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Sema/SemaOverload.cpp:11931:5
#17 0x0000000009013c91 clang::Sema::ResolveAddressOfOverloadedFunction(clang::Expr*, clang::QualType, bool, clang::DeclAccessPair&, bool*) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Sema/SemaOverload.cpp:12286:42
#18 0x0000000008fed85d IsStandardConversion(clang::Sema&, clang::Expr*, clang::QualType, bool, clang::StandardConversionSequence&, bool, bool) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Sema/SemaOverload.cpp:1712:49
#19 0x0000000008fec8ea TryImplicitConversion(clang::Sema&, clang::Expr*, clang::QualType, bool, clang::Sema::AllowedExplicit, bool, bool, bool, bool) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Sema/SemaOverload.cpp:1433:27
#20 0x0000000008ff90ba TryCopyInitialization(clang::Sema&, clang::Expr*, clang::QualType, bool, bool, bool, bool) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Sema/SemaOverload.cpp:5273:71
#21 0x00000000090024fb clang::Sema::AddBuiltinCandidate(clang::QualType*, llvm::ArrayRef<clang::Expr*>, clang::OverloadCandidateSet&, bool, unsigned int) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Sema/SemaOverload.cpp:7755:32
#22 0x000000000900513f (anonymous namespace)::BuiltinOperatorOverloadBuilder::addGenericBinaryArithmeticOverloads() /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Sema/SemaOverload.cpp:8633:30
#23 0x0000000009007624 clang::Sema::AddBuiltinOperatorCandidates(clang::OverloadedOperatorKind, clang::SourceLocation, llvm::ArrayRef<clang::Expr*>, clang::OverloadCandidateSet&) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Sema/SemaOverload.cpp:9205:51
#24 0x0000000009018734 clang::Sema::LookupOverloadedBinOp(clang::OverloadCandidateSet&, clang::OverloadedOperatorKind, clang::UnresolvedSetImpl const&, llvm::ArrayRef<clang::Expr*>, bool) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Sema/SemaOverload.cpp:13469:1
#25 0x0000000009018d56 clang::Sema::CreateOverloadedBinOp(clang::SourceLocation, clang::BinaryOperatorKind, clang::UnresolvedSetImpl const&, clang::Expr*, clang::Expr*, bool, bool, clang::FunctionDecl*) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Sema/SemaOverload.cpp:13568:24
#26 0x0000000008b24797 BuildOverloadedBinOp(clang::Sema&, clang::Scope*, clang::SourceLocation, clang::BinaryOperatorKind, clang::Expr*, clang::Expr*) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp:14606:65
#27 0x0000000008b24ed5 clang::Sema::BuildBinOp(clang::Scope*, clang::SourceLocation, clang::BinaryOperatorKind, clang::Expr*, clang::Expr*) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp:14691:73
#28 0x0000000008b245d4 clang::Sema::ActOnBinOp(clang::Scope*, clang::SourceLocation, clang::tok::TokenKind, clang::Expr*, clang::Expr*) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp:14566:1
#29 0x00000000085bfafb clang::Parser::ParseRHSOfBinaryExpression(clang::ActionResult<clang::Expr*, true>, clang::prec::Level) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Parse/ParseExpr.cpp:630:71
#30 0x00000000085bd922 clang::Parser::ParseAssignmentExpression(clang::Parser::TypeCastState) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Parse/ParseExpr.cpp:177:1
#31 0x00000000085cbbcd clang::Parser::ParseExpressionList(llvm::SmallVectorImpl<clang::Expr*>&, llvm::SmallVectorImpl<clang::SourceLocation>&, llvm::function_ref<void ()>) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Parse/ParseExpr.cpp:3368:40
#32 0x000000000857f49c clang::Parser::ParseDeclarationAfterDeclaratorAndAttributes(clang::Declarator&, clang::Parser::ParsedTemplateInfo const&, clang::Parser::ForRangeInit*) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Parse/ParseDecl.cpp:2416:5
#33 0x000000000857df16 clang::Parser::ParseDeclGroup(clang::ParsingDeclSpec&, clang::DeclaratorContext, clang::SourceLocation*, clang::Parser::ForRangeInit*) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Parse/ParseDecl.cpp:2092:65
#34 0x000000000855f07b clang::Parser::ParseDeclOrFunctionDefInternal(clang::ParsedAttributesWithRange&, clang::ParsingDeclSpec&, clang::AccessSpecifier) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Parse/Parser.cpp:1138:1
#35 0x000000000855f136 clang::Parser::ParseDeclarationOrFunctionDefinition(clang::ParsedAttributesWithRange&, clang::ParsingDeclSpec*, clang::AccessSpecifier) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Parse/Parser.cpp:1153:57
#36 0x000000000855e644 clang::Parser::ParseExternalDeclaration(clang::ParsedAttributesWithRange&, clang::ParsingDeclSpec*) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Parse/Parser.cpp:975:58
#37 0x000000000855d717 clang::Parser::ParseTopLevelDecl(clang::OpaquePtr<clang::DeclGroupRef>&, bool) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Parse/Parser.cpp:720:42
#38 0x0000000008558e01 clang::ParseAST(clang::Sema&, bool, bool) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Parse/ParseAST.cpp:158:37
#39 0x000000000627a221 clang::ASTFrontendAction::ExecuteAction() /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Frontend/FrontendAction.cpp:1058:11
#40 0x0000000006bdcc31 clang::CodeGenAction::ExecuteAction() /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/CodeGen/CodeGenAction.cpp:1045:5
#41 0x0000000006279b4d clang::FrontendAction::Execute() /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Frontend/FrontendAction.cpp:955:38
#42 0x00000000061c3fe9 clang::CompilerInstance::ExecuteAction(clang::FrontendAction&) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/Frontend/CompilerInstance.cpp:974:42
#43 0x00000000063f9c5e clang::ExecuteCompilerInvocation(clang::CompilerInstance*) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/lib/FrontendTool/ExecuteCompilerInvocation.cpp:278:38
#44 0x0000000002603a03 cc1_main(llvm::ArrayRef<char const*>, char const*, void*) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/tools/driver/cc1_main.cpp:246:40
#45 0x00000000025f8a39 ExecuteCC1Tool(llvm::SmallVectorImpl<char const*>&) /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/tools/driver/driver.cpp:338:20
#46 0x00000000025f9107 main /home/ivanmurashko/local/llvm-project/clang/tools/driver/driver.cpp:415:26
#47 0x00007ffff668f493 __libc_start_main (/lib64/libc.so.6+0x23493)
#48 0x00000000025f729e _start (/data/users/ivanmurashko/llvm-project/build/bin/clang-13+0x25f729e)
```

Reviewed By: erichkeane

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D106583

clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateDeduction.cpp

@@ -4346,7 +4346,7 @@ Sema::TemplateDeductionResult Sema::DeduceTemplateArguments(
     HasDeducedReturnType = true;
   }
 
-  if (!ArgFunctionType.isNull()) {
+  if (!ArgFunctionType.isNull() && !FunctionType.isNull()) {
     unsigned TDF =
         TDF_TopLevelParameterTypeList | TDF_AllowCompatibleFunctionType;
     // Deduce template arguments from the function type.

clang/test/SemaCXX/pr51171-crash.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -fsyntax-only -verify -std=c++17 %s
+
+// Ensure that we don't crash if errors are suppressed by an error limit.
+// RUN: not %clang_cc1 -fsyntax-only -std=c++17 -ferror-limit 1 %s
+
+template <bool is_const, typename tag_t = void>
+struct tv_val {
+};
+
+template <bool is_const>
+auto &val(const tv_val<is_const> &val) { return val.val(); } // expected-note {{possible target for call}}
+
+struct Class {
+  template <bool is_const>
+  struct Entry {
+    tv_val<is_const> val;
+  };
+};
+
+enum Types : int {
+  Class = 1, // expected-note 2 {{struct 'Class' is hidden}}
+};
+
+struct Record {
+  Class *val_;            // expected-error {{must use 'struct' tag}}
+  void setClass(Class *); // expected-error {{must use 'struct' tag}}
+};
+
+void Record::setClass(Class *val) { // expected-error {{variable has incomplete type 'void'}} \
+                                   // expected-error {{reference to overloaded function}} \
+                                   // expected-error {{expected ';' after top level declarator}}
+  val_ = val;
+}