Add BIP352 `silentpayments` module #1519

josibake · 2024-04-19T14:21:15Z

This PR adds a new Silent Payments (BIP352) module to secp256k1. It is a continuation of the work started in #1471.

The module implements the full protocol, except for transaction input filtering and silent payment address encoding / decoding as those will be the responsibility of the wallet software. It is organized with functions for sending (prefixed with _sender) and receiving (prefixed by _recipient).

For sending

Collect private keys into two lists: taproot_seckeys and plain_seckeys
Two lists are used since the taproot_seckeys may need negation. taproot_seckeys are passed as keypairs to avoid the function needing to compute the public key to determine parity. plain_seckeys are passed as just secret keys
Create the _silentpayment_recipient objects
These structs hold the scan and spend public key and an index for remembering the original ordering. It is expected that a caller will start with a list of silent payment addresses (with the desired amounts), convert these into an array of recipients and then match the generated outputs back to the original silent payment addresses. The index is used to return the generated outputs in the original order
Call silentpayments_sender_create_outputs to generate the xonly public keys for the recipients
This function can be called with one or more recipients. The same recipient may be repeated to generate multiple outputs for the same recipient

For scanning

Collect the public keys into two lists taproot_pubkeys and plain_pubeys
This avoids the caller needing to convert taproot public keys into compressed public keys (and vice versa)
Compute the input data needed, i.e. sum the public keys and compute the input_hash
This is done as a separate step to allow the caller to reuse this output if scanning for multiple scan keys. It also allows a caller to use this function for aggregating the transaction inputs and storing them in an index to vend to light clients later (or for faster rescans when recovering a wallet)
Call silentpayments_recipient_scan_outputs to scan the transaction outputs and return the tweak data (and optionally label information) needed for spending later

In addition, a few utility functions for labels are provided for the recipient for creating a label tweak and tweaked spend public key for their address. Finally, two functions are exposed in the API for supporting light clients, _recipient_created_shared_secret and _recipient_create_output_pubkey. These functions enable incremental scanning for scenarios where the caller does not have access to the transaction outputs:

Calculating a shared secret
This is done as a separate step to allow the caller to reuse the shared secret result when creating outputs and avoid needing to do a costly ECDH every time they need to check for an additional output
Generate an output (with k = 0)
Check if the output exists in the UTXO set (using their preferred light client protocol)
If the output exists, proceed by generating a new output from the shared secret with k++

See examples/silentpayments.c for a demonstration of how the API is expected to be used.

Note for reviewers

My immediate goal is to get feedback on the API so that I can pull this module into bitcoin/bitcoin#28122 (silent payments in the bitcoin core wallet). That unblocks from finishing the bitcoin core PRs while work continues on this module.

Notable differences between this PR and the previous version

See #1427 and #1471 for discussions on the API design. This iteration of the module attempts to be much more high level and incorporate the feedback from #1471. I also added a secp256k1_silentpayments_public_data opaque data type, which contains the summed public key and the input_hash. My motivation here was:

I caught myself mixing up the order of arguments between A_sum and recipient_spend_key, which was impossible to catch with ARG_CHECKS and would result in the scanning process finishing without errors, but not finding any outputs
Combining public key and input_hash into the same data type allows for completely hiding input_hash from the caller, which makes for an overall simpler API IMO

I also removed the need for the recipient to generate a shared secret before using the secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_scan_outputs function and instead create the shared secret inside the function.

Outstanding work

clean up the testing code
improve test coverage (currently only using the BIP352 test vectors)
optimize the implementation, where possible

theStack

Concept ACK

Left some initial feedback, especially around the scanning routine, will do an in-depth review round soon. Didn't look closer at the public_data type routines and the examples yet.

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

src/modules/silentpayments/tests_impl.h

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

josibake · 2024-04-24T08:45:36Z

Rebased on #1518 (3d08027 -> 8b48bf1, compare)

josibake · 2024-04-24T09:39:20Z

Updated 8b48bf1 -> f5585d4 (bip352-silentpayments-module-rebase -> bip352-silentpayments-module-02, compare):

Fix function documentation for _recipient_scan_outputs
Replace VERIFY_CHECK with return 0; in _sender_create_outputs
Remove unneeded declassify code from _sender_create_outputs
Change _gej_add_ge to _gej_add_var in _recipient_public_data_create
Fix label scanning in _recipient_scan_outputs
Remove unneeded prints from the tests

For the label scanning, I looked for an example of using an invalid public key but didn't see anything except for the invalid_pubkey_bytes in the tests. For now, if the output is found without a label, I'm setting found_with_label = 0 and saving the found output in both the output and label field. Happy to change this if there is a better suggestion for communicating an invalid public key.

I also used secp256k1_pubkey_save instead of output = *tx_outputs, as I think this makes the code more clear.

theStack

Second review round through, looks good so far! Left a bunch of nits, mostly about naming and missing ARG_CHECKS etc.

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

theStack · 2024-04-28T01:44:35Z

examples/silentpayments.c

+                } else {
+                    printf("Failed to create keypair\n");
+                    return 1;
+                }


nit: i think the else-brach can be removed (or at least, the return 1; in it); if keypair creation fails, we want to continue in the loop and try with another secret key

Really done?

edit: Well, we should change the other examples and perhaps also the API docs. Creating keys in a while loop is not good practice. If you hit an invalid key, you're most probably not very lucky, but very unlucky because your randomness is broken. But hey, yeah, let's just yolo and try again. :)

So I guess either is fine for now: keep the loop for consistency with the other examples, or just return 1 here, but having a loop and the else branch is certainly a smell.

Whoops! I think I had a local commit for this but forgot to squash it in.

Regarding best practices, creating the keys in a loop seemed excessive to me but figured I'd just copy the existing examples in case there was something I wasn't understanding.

Considering this is new code, seems fine to me to break from the other examples and then I can open a separate PR to clean up the examples/API docs.

Actually fixed this time to take out the while loop and return if it fails to create the key.

josibake · 2024-05-03T08:25:39Z

Thanks for the thorough review, @theStack ! I've addressed your feedback, along with some other changes.

Update f5585d4 -> 1a3a00b (bip352-silentpayments-module-02 -> bip352-silentpayments-module-03, compare)

Spelling and wording cleanups, notably:
- s/receiver/recipient/, s/labeled/labelled/
- s/scan_seckey/scan_key/
Reduce duplicate code in scan_outputs
Add ARG_CHECKs
Update tests
Add benchmark for scan_outputs

The sending tests now check that the generated outputs match exactly one of the possible expected output sets. Previously, the sending tests were checking that the generated outputs exist in the array of all possible outputs, but this wouldn't catch a bug where k is not being set correctly e.g. [A_k=0, B_k=0] would (incorrectly) pass [A_k=0, B_k=1, A_k=1, B_k=0] but will now (correctly) fail [[A_k=0, B_k=1], [A_k=1, B_k=0]]

josibake · 2024-05-03T11:17:30Z

Rebased on #1518 1a3a00b -> 92f5920 (bip352-silentpayments-module-03 -> bip352-silentpayments-module-03-rebase, compare)

josibake · 2024-05-08T12:50:33Z

Rebased on master (following #1518 merge) 92f5920 -> 56ed901 (bip352-silentpayments-module-03-rebase -> bip352-silentpayments-module-04-rebase, compare)

theStack

Went through another round. To the best of my knowledge, this PR matches the BIP352 specification and I'm close to non-cryptographer-light-ACKing it :-)

Found some nits an one open TODO that should probably be discussed though.

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

src/bench.c

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

josibake · 2024-05-31T12:36:59Z

Rebased on master to fix merge conflict 56ed901 -> bd66eaa (bip352-silentpayments-module-04-rebase -> bip352-silentpayments-module-05-rebase, compare)

josibake · 2024-05-31T12:45:21Z

CI failure seems related to not being able to install valgrind via homebrew and unrelated to my change so ignoring for now (cc @real-or-random for confirmation?).

josibake · 2024-05-31T13:45:02Z

Thanks for the review @theStack ! Sorry for the slow response, I somehow missed the notification for your review 😅

Update bd66eaa -> 2dde8f1 (bip352-silentpayments-module-05-rebase -> bip352-silentpayments-module-06, compare)

spelling, grammar, and fixups per @theStack 's review
Added ARG_CHECKs to check for the sum of the private keys / public keys being zero

Per #1519 (comment), I agree returning 0 is not the right thing to do, but having multiple error codes also seemed gross. I think an ARG_CHECK makes sense here because if the caller passed all valid seckeys / pubkeys and then they sum to zero, in principle its the caller passing incorrect arguments. The only thing the caller can do at this point is try again with different arguments. For the sender, this would mean repeating coin selection to get a different input set, and for the recipient this would mean skipping the transaction and moving on to the next one. Also happy to change if there is a better suggestion!

real-or-random · 2024-05-31T14:22:24Z

CI failure seems related to not being able to install valgrind via homebrew and unrelated to my change so ignoring for now (cc @real-or-random for confirmation?).

Indeed, see #1536

real-or-random · 2024-05-31T16:23:47Z

Some general notes

On error handling in general

Error handling is hard, and the caller usually can't really recover from an error anyway. This is in particular true on malicious inputs: there's no reason to try to continue dealing with the attacker, and you simply want to abort. That's why, as a general rule, we try to avoid error paths as much as possible. This usually boils down to merging all errors into a single one, i.e., a) have just a single error "code" for all possible errors, b) and in the case of a multi-stage thing involving multiple function calls, have just a single place where errors are returned.

Signature verification is a good example. A (signature, message, pubkey) triple is either valid or not. The caller should not care why exactly a signature fails to verify, so we don't even want to expose this to the caller.

However, signature verification this is also a nice example of a case in which we stretch the rules a bit. Signature verification is implemented as two-stage process: 1. Parse the public key (which can fail). 2. Check the signature (which can fail). Purely from a "safe" API point of view, this is not great because we give the user two functions and two error paths instead of one. Ideally, there could just be one verification function which also takes care of parsing (this is how it's defined BIP340). The primary reason why we want to have a separate parsing function in this case is performance: if you check several signatures under the same key, you don't want to parse, which involves computing the y-coordinate, every time.

ARG_CHECK

ARG_CHECK will call the "illegal (argument) callback", which, by default, crashes. See the docs here:

secp256k1/include/secp256k1.h

Line 324 in 1791f6f

/** Set a callback function to be called when an illegal argument is passed to

The callback/crash indicates to the caller that there's a bug in the caller's code.

What does this mean for this discussion?

Added ARG_CHECKs to check for the sum of the private keys / public keys being zero

Per #1519 (comment), I agree returning 0 is not the right thing to do, but having multiple error codes also seemed gross. I think an ARG_CHECK makes sense here because if the caller passed all valid seckeys / pubkeys and then they sum to zero, in principle its the caller passing incorrect arguments. The only thing the caller can do at this point is try again with different arguments. For the sender, this would mean repeating coin selection to get a different input set, and for the recipient this would mean skipping the transaction and moving on to the next one. Also happy to change if there is a better suggestion!

So let's take a look at the two sides:

On the sender side: The secret keys sum up to zero (`sum_i a_i = 0`)

This will happen only with negligible probability for honestly generated (=random) secret keys. That is, this will in practice only happen if the caller has a bug, or the caller has been tricked into using these secret keys, e.g., if someone else has crafted malicious secret keys for the caller. Since the latter is not a crazy scenario, we should not use ARG_CHECK here.

We can just return 0 here to indicate to the caller that we can't continue with these function inputs. And even if there are other error cases, I don't see a reason why the caller code should care much about why the function fails. As long as you call the function with honestly generated inputs, everything will work out. (Devs will be interested in the exact failure case when debugging the caller's code, but I think they can figure out during debugging then. "Normal" caller code should get just a single error code.)

On the recipient side: The public keys sum up to infinity (`sum_i A_i = 0`) [1]

Again, this can only happen if the sender is malicious. But since we're not the sender, it's entirely possible that the sender is malicious. And then these inputs are certainly legal, they're just not valid. (In the same sense as it's perfectly legal to use the signature verification algorithm on an invalid signature.) So an ARG_CHECK will not be appropriate at all: a malicious sender could trigger it and crash the scanning process.

We should also simply return 0 to indicate that this transaction is not well-formed/not eligible for SP. And again, even if there are other error cases, I don't see a reason why the caller should care why this transaction is not eligible.

Alternatively, we could even return 1, store infinity in the public_data, and simply make sure that scanning won't find any payments in that case. This would avoid the error path for this function entirely. But if the caller then calls secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_create_shared_secret, I think we'd just postpone the error to this function, and for this function, I don't see another way than returning an error. So I'm not convinced that this is better.

[1] We should perhaps rename "infinity" to "zero"... ;)

josibake · 2024-05-31T18:06:38Z

@real-or-random thanks for the response, this is super helpful.

Devs will be interested in the exact failure case when debugging the caller's code, but I think they can figure out during debugging then

In hindsight, I think my preference for ARG_CHECK was "better error messages as to what went wrong," but I now realize it was because I was thinking as a dev ;). Also an oversight on my part: I didn't realize/forgot that ARG_CHECK is actually crashing the program by default. I certainly agree that we don't want this in either failure case.

Alternatively, we could even return 1, store infinity in the public_data, and simply make sure that scanning won't find any payments in that case. This would avoid the error path for this function entirely. But if the caller then calls secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_create_shared_secret, I think we'd just postpone the error to this function, and for this function, I don't see another way than returning an error. So I'm not convinced that this is better.

If we imagine an index + light client scenario, the public_data would be created by the index and then sent to the light client, where the light client would call secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_create_shared_secret (and then get the error). Given this, I think it would be better to have the error path so that the index ends up not storing any data at all for the malicious crafted transaction, which saves space for the index and bandwidth for the light client.

Thinking about this a bit more:

That's why, as a general rule, we try to avoid error paths as much as possible. This usually boils down to merging all errors into a single one, i.e., a) have just a single error "code" for all possible errors, b) and in the case of a multi-stage thing involving multiple function calls, have just a single place where errors are returned.

Most of the high-level functions in our API are calling multiple lower-level functions and so far the approach has been something like:

if (!secp256k1_func_that_returns_0_on_error(args)) {
    return 0;
}
...
if (!secp256k1_another_func_that_returns_0_on_error(args)) {
    return 0;
}

Perhaps its worth looking to consolidate and try and only return an error at the end of a multi-stage process? This would mean ignoring the return values for a lot of the lower level function calls, which initially made me feel a bit weird. But in light of your recent comment, feels like this might be the preferred approach?

EDIT: reading your comment again, I realize "error paths" is not really talking about branches in the code and more error paths for the user.

theStack · 2024-06-01T00:23:18Z

We should also simply return 0 to indicate that this transaction is not well-formed/not eligible for SP. And again, even if there are other error cases, I don't see a reason why the caller should care why this transaction is not eligible.

Makes sense. My worry was that without an explicit error-code for this corner case, some users wouldn't even be aware of an indirect "not eligible" case and more likely interpret a return value of 0 as "only possible if there's a logic error on our side, so let's assert for success" (given the passed in data is public and already verified for consensus-validity). But in the end that's more a matter of good API documentation I guess.

An example for the "input public keys sum up to point of infinity" case ($\sum_i A_i = 0$) is now available on the Signet chain via tx d73f4a19f3973e90af6df62e735bb7b31f3d5ab8e7e26e7950651b436d093313 [1], mined in block 198023. It consists of two inputs spending P2WPKH prevouts with negated pubkeys $(x,y)$ and $(x,-y)$ (easy to verify by looking at the second item of the witness stack each, where only the first byte for encoding the sign bit differs), and one dummy P2TR output. It hopefully helps SP implementations to identify potential problems with this corner case early. As first example and proof that it triggers the discussed code path, it makes the Silent Payment Index PR #28241 crash, which asserts on a return value of 1 for _recipient_public_data_create.

I think it would be also a good idea to add this scenario to the BIP352 test vectors, or at least a unit test in this PR?

[1] created with the following Python script: https://github.com/theStack/bitcoin/blob/202405-contrib-bip352_input_pubkeys_cancelled/contrib/silentpayments/submit_input_pubkeys_infinity_tx.py

Add function for creating a label tweak. This requires a tagged hash function for labels. This function is used by the receiver for creating labels to be used for a) creating labelled addresses and b) to populate a labels cache when scanning. Add function for creating a labelled spend pubkey. This involves taking a label tweak, turning it into a public key and adding it to the spend public key. This function is used by the receiver to create a labelled silent payment address. Add tests for the label API.

Add routine for scanning a transaction and returning the necessary spending data for any found outputs. This function works with labels via a lookup callback and requires access to the transaction outputs. Requiring access to the transaction outputs is not suitable for light clients, but light client support is enabled by exposing the `_create_shared_secret` and `_create_output_pubkey` functions in the API. This means the light client will need to manage their own scanning state, so wherever possible it is preferrable to use the `_recipient_scan_ouputs` function. Add an opaque data type for passing around the summed input public key (A_sum) and the input hash tweak (input_hash). This data is passed to the scanner before the ECDH step as two separate elements so that the scanner can multiply b_scan * input_hash before doing ECDH. Add functions for deserializing / serializing a public_data object to and from a public key. When serializing a public_data object, the input_hash is multplied into A_sum. This is so the object can be stored as public key for wallet rescanning later, or to vend to light clients. For the light client, a `_parse` function is added which parses the compressed public key serialization into a `public_data` object. Finally, add test coverage for the recieiving API.

Demonstrate sending, scanning, and light client scanning.

Add a benchmark for a full transaction scan and for scanning a single output. Only benchmarks for scanning are added as this is the most performance critical portion of the protocol.

Add the BIP-352 test vectors. The vectors are generated with a Python script that converts the .json file from the BIP to C code: $ ./tools/tests_silentpayments_generate.py test_vectors.json > ./src/modules/silentpayments/vectors.h

josibake · 2024-08-15T10:57:22Z

Update 3165b6b -> f42e0dd (bip352-silentpayments-module-15 -> bip352-silentpayments-module-16, compare)

Added test for malformed scan_pubkey and moved _pubkey_load out of _create_shared_secret. Overall, I think this makes the error handling more clear to validate the public keys before calling create_shared_secret
Added VERIFY and infinity checks (h/t @theStack)
Spelling and formatting fix-ups (h/t @theStack)

Thanks again for the thorough review, @theStack !

theStack

Light ACK modulo some more smaller doc and test nits I found

As an additional testing idea, could add some checks that the initialized "BIP0352/..." tagged hashes have the expected state (inspired by the MuSig2 PR), but that seems fine to also do in a follow-up.

theStack · 2024-08-19T21:52:03Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+    for (i = 0; i < n_recipients; i++) {
+        if ((i == 0) || (secp256k1_ec_pubkey_cmp(ctx, &last_recipient.scan_pubkey, &recipients[i]->scan_pubkey) != 0)) {
+            /* If we are on a different scan pubkey, its time to recreate the the shared secret and reset k to 0.
+             * It's very unlikely tha the scan public key is invalid by this point, since this means the caller would


Suggested change

* It's very unlikely tha the scan public key is invalid by this point, since this means the caller would

* It's very unlikely that the scan public key is invalid by this point, since this means the caller would

theStack · 2024-08-19T22:22:44Z

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

+/** Create Silent Payment labelled spend public key.
+ *
+ *  Given a recipient's spend public key B_spend and a label, calculate the
+ *  corresponding serialized labelled spend public key:


Suggested change

* corresponding serialized labelled spend public key:

* corresponding labelled spend public key:

(I assume that's a leftover from an earlier version of the API where the resulting label was indeed serialized)

theStack · 2024-08-19T22:33:43Z

src/modules/silentpayments/tests_impl.h

+
+    /* Create a label and labelled spend public key, verify we get the expected result */
+    CHECK(secp256k1_ec_pubkey_parse(CTX, &s, BOB_ADDRESS[1], 33));
+    CHECK(secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_create_label_tweak(CTX, &l, lt, ALICE_SECKEY, 1));


nit: could also check the label and label tweak results here

yes, although the values are used in the next call, _create_labelled_spend_pubkey and then the final result of that is checked against an exact expected value, so the extra checks don't seem worth the added verbosity?

theStack · 2024-08-19T22:57:33Z

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

+ *  Given the public input data (secp256k1_silentpayments_public_data),
+ *  calculate the shared secret.


Suggested change

* Given the public input data (secp256k1_silentpayments_public_data),

* calculate the shared secret.

* Given the public input data (secp256k1_silentpayments_public_data)

* and a recipient's scan key, calculate the shared secret.

theStack · 2024-08-19T23:18:09Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+        secp256k1_silentpayments_create_t_k(&t_k_scalar, shared_secret, k);
+
+        /* Calculate P_output = B_spend + t_k * G
+         * This can fail if t_k overflows the curver order, but this is statistically improbable


Suggested change

* This can fail if t_k overflows the curver order, but this is statistically improbable

* This can fail if t_k overflows the curve order, but this is statistically improbable

94c6e1f: it don't think it can fail because of overflow at this point (the overflow is ignored and t_k has already been converted to a scalar in secp256k1_silentpayments_create_t_k). we could move this comment up into secp256k1_silentpayments_create_t_k and handle failure inside that function.

theStack · 2024-08-20T16:27:36Z

src/modules/silentpayments/tests_impl.h

+    /* Try to create a shared secret with a malformed recipient scan key (all zeros) */
+    CHECK(secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_create_shared_secret(CTX, o, MALFORMED_SECKEY, &pd) == 0);
+    /* Try to create a shared secret with a malformed public key (all zeros) */
+    memset(&pd.data[1], 0, sizeof(&pd.data - 1));


I think this was meant to be

Suggested change

memset(&pd.data[1], 0, sizeof(&pd.data - 1));

memset(&pd.data[1], 0, sizeof(pd.data) - 1));

(resulting in 97, rather than 8 due to being the sizeof a pointer)

jlest01 · 2024-08-24T15:04:37Z

The function secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_public_data_create fails for the public keys:

. 02aba9d21ae5bb3832e845eeca8c0b58e07b27b501debc759cdccb9d86beef3d48
. 03aba9d21ae5bb3832e845eeca8c0b58e07b27b501debc759cdccb9d86beef3d48

And the smallest outpoint:

. 66bd2917be75420a789924737f3e47500bf134cea57a10ce67bf33d8a256e7b000000000

These values represent this signet P2TR transaction:
https://mempool.space/signet/tx/d73f4a19f3973e90af6df62e735bb7b31f3d5ab8e7e26e7950651b436d093313

Code below for reproduction:

static unsigned char smallest_outpoint[36] = {
    0x66, 0xbd, 0x29, 0x17, 0xbe, 0x75, 0x42, 0x0a, 0x78, 
    0x99, 0x24, 0x73, 0x7f, 0x3e, 0x47, 0x50, 0x0b, 0xf1, 
    0x34, 0xce, 0xa5, 0x7a, 0x10, 0xce, 0x67, 0xbf, 0x33, 
    0xd8, 0xa2, 0x56, 0xe7, 0xb0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
};

static unsigned char first_pubkey_bytes[33] = {
    0x02, 0xab, 0xa9, 0xd2, 0x1a, 0xe5, 0xbb, 0x38, 
    0x32, 0xe8, 0x45, 0xee, 0xca, 0x8c, 0x0b, 0x58,
    0xe0, 0x7b, 0x27, 0xb5, 0x01, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x75, 
    0x9c, 0xdc, 0xcb, 0x9d, 0x86, 0xbe, 0xef, 0x3d, 0x48
};

static unsigned char second_pubkey_bytes[33] = {
    0x03, 0xab, 0xa9, 0xd2, 0x1a, 0xe5, 0xbb, 0x38, 
    0x32, 0xe8, 0x45, 0xee, 0xca, 0x8c, 0x0b, 0x58,
    0xe0, 0x7b, 0x27, 0xb5, 0x01, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x75, 
    0x9c, 0xdc, 0xcb, 0x9d, 0x86, 0xbe, 0xef, 0x3d, 0x48
};

int main(void) {

    enum { N_INPUTS = 2 };

    unsigned char randomize[32];

    secp256k1_pubkey first_pubkey;
    secp256k1_pubkey second_pubkey;
    const secp256k1_pubkey *tx_input_ptrs[N_INPUTS];
    secp256k1_silentpayments_public_data public_data;

    int ret;

    secp256k1_context* ctx = secp256k1_context_create(SECP256K1_CONTEXT_NONE);
    if (!fill_random(randomize, sizeof(randomize))) {
        printf("Failed to generate randomness\n");
        return 1;
    }

    ret = secp256k1_context_randomize(ctx, randomize);
    assert(ret);

    ret = secp256k1_ec_pubkey_parse(ctx, &first_pubkey, first_pubkey_bytes, 33);
    ret = secp256k1_ec_pubkey_parse(ctx, &second_pubkey, second_pubkey_bytes, 33);

    tx_input_ptrs[0] = &first_pubkey;
    tx_input_ptrs[1] = &second_pubkey;

    ret = secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_public_data_create(ctx,
                &public_data,
                smallest_outpoint,
                NULL, 0, 
                tx_input_ptrs, N_INPUTS
            );

    assert(ret); // main: Assertion `ret' failed.

    return 0;

}

jlest01 · 2024-08-24T15:48:51Z

Testing the same values using rust silentpayments crate, you get an error description: Secp256k1Error(InvalidPublicKeySum) (code below).

I assume the problem is that adding these two public keys results in a point at infinity (since they have opposite parity).

Would it be the caller's responsibility to do this check before calling secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_public_data_create ?

use silentpayments::{secp256k1::PublicKey, utils::receiving::calculate_tweak_data};

fn main() {

    let mut pubkeys: Vec<PublicKey> = Vec::with_capacity(2);

    let first_pubkey_bytes = hex::decode("02aba9d21ae5bb3832e845eeca8c0b58e07b27b501debc759cdccb9d86beef3d48").unwrap();
    let first_pubkey = PublicKey::from_slice(first_pubkey_bytes.as_slice()).unwrap();
    pubkeys.push(first_pubkey);

    let second_pubkey_bytes = hex::decode("03aba9d21ae5bb3832e845eeca8c0b58e07b27b501debc759cdccb9d86beef3d48").unwrap();
    let second_pubkey = PublicKey::from_slice(second_pubkey_bytes.as_slice()).unwrap();
    pubkeys.push(second_pubkey);

    let input_pub_keys: Vec<&PublicKey> = pubkeys.iter().collect();
    
    let mut outpoints_data: Vec<(String, u32)> = Vec::with_capacity(2);

    outpoints_data.push(("b0e756a2d833bf67ce107aa5ce34f10b50473e7f732499780a4275be1729bd66".to_string(), 0));
    outpoints_data.push(("b0e756a2d833bf67ce107aa5ce34f10b50473e7f732499780a4275be1729bd66".to_string(), 1));

    let tweak_data = calculate_tweak_data(&input_pub_keys, &outpoints_data).unwrap();
    // panicked! called `Result::unwrap()` on an `Err` value: Secp256k1Error(InvalidPublicKeySum)
}

josibake · 2024-08-26T13:00:31Z

Hey @jlest01 , thanks for the thorough testing! The error you're encountering is from here:

secp256k1/src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

Lines 369 to 374 in f42e0dd

    
               /* Since an attacker can maliciously craft transactions where the public keys sum to zero, fail early here 
        
                * to avoid making the caller do extra work, e.g., when building an index or scanning many malicious transactions 
        
                */ 
        
               if (secp256k1_gej_is_infinity(&A_sum_gej)) { 
        
                   return 0; 
        
               }

As you mention, this is because the public keys sum to the point at infinity, i.e., the second pubkey is a negation of the first one. It is expected that callers should check the return value from _public_data_create and proceed to the next transaction if they get an error. Earlier in this PR we did discuss having more specific error codes but ultimately decided it's best to try and make it such that if a user encounters an error, there's likely nothing they can do but skip the transaction. From a user's perspective, if they can't do anything to fix the error, they don't really gain anything by knowing why it failed.

I think we have a case for this in the test vectors, but if not I'll definitely add this to the BIP test vectors since scanning implementations should be checking for this.

antonilol · 2024-09-07T14:04:01Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+    const secp256k1_silentpayments_public_data *public_data,
+    const secp256k1_pubkey *recipient_spend_pubkey,
+    const secp256k1_silentpayments_label_lookup label_lookup,
+    const void *label_context


Could label_context (here and in the callback type) be made mutable? Is there a particular reason it is const?

Does this actually disallow (make undefined behavior) mutating the context from the callback?

What would be the reason for making the pointer to label context mutable here? Making it const is meant to clearly communicate to the caller that this is meant to be a reference to some external data store. For your second question, I don't think making the pointer const prevents the lookup function itself from mutating the context, but I don't think there is a way we can prevent that.

If I understand correctly (after searching online about this), the C compiler will assume that no mutation happens to the pointed to data using the pointer label_context, because it is declared const.
In Rust however, you can't prevent users from mutating captured variables of a closure. (Rust's shared references can be mutated through, still they are called immutable references.)

A fix on the Rust side would be to add a level of indirection, instead of passing a pointer to the context directly, a pointer to a pointer is passed. The pointed to data of the const void * is never mutated (that would of type context_t * then, in C terms, where context_t is a struct defined by the user).
A fix on the C side would be to remove the const keyword.

I am fine with both, but the extra level of indirection will be slightly less performant, but modern CPU caches can make this (almost) unobservable.

the C compiler will assume that no mutation happens to the pointed to data using the pointer label_context, because it is declared const.

This is, as far as I understand, not correct. A const pointer does not imply that the data pointed to cannot be mutated. It only means it cannot be mutated through that pointer.

What is true however, is that if all references to an object are const, and the compiler can prove this, then no mutation to the object can happen to it at all. This in practice only applies to objects that are themselves declared const.

If the object itself is non-const, but you hold a const pointer to it, then it is perfectly legal even to cast the constness of the pointer away and mutate it through that casted pointer.

Thanks for the clarification!

If the object itself is non-const, but you hold a const pointer to it, then it is perfectly legal even to cast the constness of the pointer away and mutate it through that casted pointer.

Especially this, this is new for me, thanks!

antonilol · 2024-09-07T16:23:13Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+    if (label_lookup != NULL) {
+        ARG_CHECK(label_context != NULL);
+    } else {
+        ARG_CHECK(label_context == NULL);
+    }


Why is the label_context ARG_CHECK'ed, shouldn't this be treated as opaque data for the callback alone?

That means the (wallet) implementer has to make sure to perform these checks in their implementation of secp256k1_silentpayments_label_lookup. Seems better to do it here.

That seems unnecessary, as both the callback and the context pointer are passed by the caller. If the caller wants to use global state or some other way that does not require label_context it should be allowed to set it to NULL.

Since the label_lookup accepts a void* pointer for the context, I think it would be fine to make passing the context optional. Perhaps the better arg check would be to do this in reverse: complain if the caller passes a context and not a lookup function. Will update.

Sjors

Reviewed the scaffold, send, labels and part of the receive commit (94c6e1f). Did not study the tests.

You could split the light client / indexer functions out of the receive commit 94c6e1f.

Sjors · 2024-09-09T08:18:38Z

tools/tests_silentpayments_generate.py

@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3


5ce0db1

+''' +A script to convert BIP352 test vectors from JSON to a C header. + +Usage: + + ./tools/tests_silentpayments_generate.py src/modules/silentpayments/bip352_send_and_receive_test_vectors.json > ./src/modules/silentpayments/vectors.h +'''

Sjors · 2024-09-09T08:19:43Z

tools/tests_silentpayments_generate.py

+    if not last:
+        out += ","
+    out += "\n"
+


5ce0db1

if len(sys.argv) != 2: print("Usage: tests_silentpayments_generate.py vectors.json > vectors.h") sys.exit(1)

Sjors · 2024-09-09T08:35:17Z

src/modules/silentpayments/tests_impl.h

+#define SECP256K1_MODULE_SILENTPAYMENTS_TESTS_H
+
+#include "../../../include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h"
+#include "include/secp256k1.h"


9d6769f: You don't need this include and it breaks the cmake build.

cd build cmake .. -DSECP256K1_ENABLE_MODULE_SILENT_PAYMENTS=O cmake --build . ... .../secp256k1/src/modules/silentpayments/tests_impl.h:11:10: fatal error: 'include/secp256k1.h' file not found #include "include/secp256k1.h"

Sjors · 2024-09-09T08:39:55Z

configure.ac

@@ -188,6 +188,10 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE(module_ellswift,
    AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-module-ellswift],[enable ElligatorSwift module [default=yes]]), [],
    [SECP_SET_DEFAULT([enable_module_ellswift], [yes], [yes])])

+AC_ARG_ENABLE(module_silentpayments,
+    AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-module-silentpayments],[enable Silent Payments module [default=no]]), [],


1c74941: can we just break the convention and make it --enable-module-silent-payments? :-)

Sjors · 2024-09-09T09:52:08Z

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

+ *                            recipient may passed multiple times to generate
+ *                            multiple outputs for the same recipient
+ *       outpoint_smallest36: serialized smallest outpoint (lexicographically)
+ *                            from the transaction inputs


9d6769f: the 36 suffix is weird. outpoint36_smallest would be slightly more clear.

Suggest adding to the doc (instead): (36 bytes)

Given how many times this has gone wrong, the following warning seems justified:

Lexicographical sorting applies to the concatenated outpoint hash and index (vout). The latter is little-endian encoded, so must not be sorted in its integer representation.

The test vector in this PR doesn't prevent this, because sorting is left to the implementer.

Test vectors in the BIP don't necessary prevent this either, because implementers will assume it's all covered in libsecp.

There was a separate discussion on the Musig2 PR that I need to follow up on regarding this, where there might be a more clever way to enforce the array length without these suffix hints. For now, I think I will remove the 36 and add it to the docs, as you suggest.

Agree that we can't enforce they are passing the correct outpoint out of a list of outpoints here, but I do think we can make it clear in the header file that this is not handled by libsecp and implementations MUST ensure they are following the test vectors from the BIP. I'll add something as such to the header documentation.

Sjors · 2024-09-09T13:08:30Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+    /* private keys used for taproot outputs have to be negated if they resulted in an odd point */
+    for (i = 0; i < n_taproot_seckeys; i++) {
+        secp256k1_ge addend_point;
+        /* TODO: why don't we need _cmov here after calling keypair_load? Because the ret is declassified? */


9d6769f: My impression is that _cmov is used to clear addend in case _load fails. But since we don't have an early return inside the loop, might as well do it at the end of the loop.

Offline discussion: key pair load should never fail, because key pair object has already been validated. So constant time is not an issue here.

Sjors · 2024-09-09T13:15:25Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+        /* TODO: why don't we need _cmov here after calling keypair_load? Because the ret is declassified? */
+        ret &= secp256k1_keypair_load(ctx, &addend, &addend_point, taproot_seckeys[i]);
+        if (secp256k1_fe_is_odd(&addend_point.y)) {
+            secp256k1_scalar_negate(&addend, &addend);


Could simplify the early return below by:

9d6769f: ret &=

Sjors · 2024-09-09T13:15:50Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+        }
+        secp256k1_scalar_add(&a_sum_scalar, &a_sum_scalar, &addend);
+    }
+    /* If there are any failures in loading/summing up the secret keys, fail early */


9d6769f

const int zero = 0; secp256k1_int_cmov(addend, &zero, !ret); secp256k1_int_cmov(a_sum_scalar, &zero, !ret); /* If there are any failures ... */ if (!ret) return 0;

@josibake says to clear the a_sum_scalar in early returns. Probably addend too.

cmove vs memset: the former is constant time, but that's not always necessary.

In general the library is not always consistent when it comes to early returns. Those are often not constant time (invalid secret behaves different from valid secret).

cc @jonasnick please brainstorm a bit more about this code

Fwiw, we have this:

secp256k1/src/util.h

Lines 209 to 210 in f0868a9

/* Zero memory if flag == 1. Flag must be 0 or 1. Constant time. */

static SECP256K1_INLINE void secp256k1_memczero(void *s, size_t len, int flag) {

But AFAIU, this is "just" about clearing secrets from memory, and then memset is the right answer. (The compiler will optimize those memsets, but this PR will address this: #1579) No need to be constant-time in an error branch.

Sjors · 2024-09-09T14:16:45Z

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

+ *  size. It can be safely copied/moved. Created with
+ *  `secp256k1_silentpayments_public_data_create`. Can be serialized as a
+ *  compressed public key using
+ *  `secp256k1_silentpayments_public_data_serialize`. The serialization is


94c6e1f: there is no secp256k1_silentpayments_public_data_serialize, did you mean secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_public_data_serialize? Did you also mean to drop "as a compressed public key" (since it contains more than that)?

I do think it's useful to briefly document what is in the opaque structure: the summed public key and input_hash.

Also, is there a light client use case that requires more than just tweak data? If not, then this struct could be reduced to 33 bytes. That's what the index uses.

Alright, this is thoroughly confusing, but I think I figured it out.

I rewrote the documentation to fix the method names and make it more clear that:

this struct can be created in two ways

the struct itself is not intended to be sent to light clients

use terminology from the BIP ("public tweak data")

diff --git a/include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h b/include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h index 05cabb8..11164e1 100644 --- a/include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h +++ b/include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h @@ -159,17 +159,20 @@ SECP256K1_API SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_silentpayments_recipien ) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(1) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(2) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(3) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(4); /** Opaque data structure that holds silent payments public input data. * * This structure does not contain secret data. Guaranteed to be 98 bytes in - * size. It can be safely copied/moved. Created with - * `secp256k1_silentpayments_public_data_create`. Can be serialized as a - * compressed public key using - * `secp256k1_silentpayments_public_data_serialize`. The serialization is - * intended for sending the public input data to light clients. Light clients - * can use this serialization with - * `secp256k1_silentpayments_public_data_parse`. + * size. It can be safely copied/moved. + * + * When the summed public key and input_hash are available, it's created using + * `secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_public_data_create`. Otherwise it can be + * constructed from a compressed public key with the `input_hash` multiplied in + * (public tweak data) using secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_public_data_parse. + * + * To serve light clients, the public tweak data can generated and serialized to + * 33 bytes using `secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_public_data_serialize`, + * which they can parse with `secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_public_data_parse`. */ typedef struct { unsigned char data[98];

I updated the name of the struct to be silentpayments_recipient_public_data and updated the documentation to have consistent naming.

On the doc rewrite, I'm not convinced this is better. It mentions input_hash explicitly, which is an implementation detail internal to the module, and also mentions some of the low-level operations going on inside the functions, which I don't think we should be exposing/explaining to the caller here. To me, it seems sufficient to tell the caller: "hey, create a public data object using this function. If you're a light client and receive a previously created, serialised public data object, parse it with this function."

Going to leave the documentation as is for now, but would be interested to hear others thoughts on this.

Sjors · 2024-09-09T14:17:13Z

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

+ *  `secp256k1_silentpayments_public_data_serialize`. The serialization is
+ *  intended for sending the public input data to light clients. Light clients
+ *  can use this serialization with
+ *  `secp256k1_silentpayments_public_data_parse`.


94c6e1f: secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_public_data_parse

Sjors · 2024-09-10T10:05:42Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+    /* serialize the public_data struct */
+    public_data->data[0] = 0;
+    secp256k1_eckey_pubkey_serialize(&A_sum_ge, &public_data->data[1], &pubkeylen, 0);
+    ser_ret = secp256k1_eckey_pubkey_serialize(&A_sum_ge, &public_data->data[1], &pubkeylen, 0);


94c6e1f: why are you doing this twice?

Maybe use a compressed key? I know the struct doesn't need to be particularly small, but it seems better to use compressed keys by default unless there's a reason not to.

good catch, because I am a dum dum! I think the first line is left over from when I added the ser_ret check.

Sjors

Reviewed the rest. This PR @ f42e0dd seems to be in pretty good shape, but I'm not a low level C guru.

I didn't check the changes since my last review of the example, but its usage of labels is now clear to me.

I didn't review the tests and benchmarks.

Sjors · 2024-09-10T11:24:51Z

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

+ *  In:   public_data: pointer to an initialized silentpayments_public_data
+ *                     object
+ */
+SECP256K1_API SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_public_data_serialize(


94c6e1f: the name of this function implies:

That it serializes everything in the struct, which it doesn't

That it merely serializes data, which it doesn't - it performs a hash

Maybe call it secp256k1_silentpayments_get_serialized_public_tweak_data?

And to make it more clear that this thing can go in the function below, you could make a:

/** Can be sent to light clients */ typedef struct { unsigned char public_tweak_data[33]; }

I would argue it does serialise everything in the struct: it takes a public_data object and returns the serialised format, which is 33 bytes. Also, this function does not do a hash. The input_hash part of the object is created when the public data object is created.

Sjors · 2024-09-10T11:37:05Z

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

+ *  Returns: pointer to the 32-byte label tweak if there is a match.
+ *           NULL pointer if there is no match.
+ *
+ *  In:         label: pointer to the label value to check (computed during


94c6e1f: BIP352 does not define the terms "label tweak" and "label value". I'm guessing "tweak" refers to hash(bscan || m)·G?

Maybe just add "See secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_create_label_tweak". From the formula there it seems that "value" is B1 - Bspend. Could call that "tweak point".

I changed the language to "label pubkey," as this is more consistent with where it is used elsewhere. Also added a reference to the secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_create_label_tweak function per your suggestion.

Sjors · 2024-09-10T11:53:45Z

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

+
+/** Scan for Silent Payment transaction outputs.
+ *
+ *  Given a input public sum, an input_hash, a recipient's spend public key


94c6e1f: , a recipient's scan key b_scan and spend public key

Sjors · 2024-09-10T12:05:04Z

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

+ *                              with the input_hash (see
+ *                              `_recipient_public_data_create`)
+ */
+SECP256K1_API SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_create_shared_secret(


94c6e1f: derive_ instead of create_? (from the POV of the universe, the sender created it)

Ditto for recipient_create_output_pubkey below.

Slightly prefer create, as I want to avoid any confusion with bip32 style derivation. From the recipients perspective, they are also creating a shared secret per the spec. Its only after scanning with the shared secret that they can confirm this transaction was indeed a silent payment (i.e., the sender created a shared secret and outputs from that shared secret).

Sjors · 2024-09-10T12:09:52Z

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

+ *  Given the public input data (secp256k1_silentpayments_public_data),
+ *  calculate the shared secret.
+ *
+ *  The resulting shared secret is needed as input for creating silent payments


94c6e1f: here the word "deriving" would reduce confusion imo. Otherwise it's sounds like this is a sender creating an output (of a transaction).

Maybe make it:

* .. deriving silent payment * pubkeys for this recipient scan public key, which can be * matched against transaction outputs.

Same comment as above, derived is heavily associated with BIP32 style public key/private key derivation, so I want to avoid using it here as much as possible.

Sjors · 2024-09-10T13:12:19Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+    } else {
+        ARG_CHECK(label_context == NULL);
+    }
+    /* TODO: do we need a _cmov call here to avoid leaking information about the scan key?


94c6e1f: leaking privacy still sucks, and afaik the _cmov is super cheap. So just do it?

Offline discussion: just do a memset

Sjors · 2024-09-10T13:13:41Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+    if (label_lookup != NULL) {
+        ARG_CHECK(label_context != NULL);
+    } else {
+        ARG_CHECK(label_context == NULL);
+    }


That means the (wallet) implementer has to make sure to perform these checks in their implementation of secp256k1_silentpayments_label_lookup. Seems better to do it here.

Sjors · 2024-09-10T13:26:10Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+    if (!ret) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    combined = (int)public_data->data[0];


94c6e1f: so much for opaque datatype :-)

Maybe add a helper function secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_public_data_get_tweak_data_scalar(&rsk_scalar, recipient_scan_key, public_data)

It is opaque to users of the library :) Not sure I see the value of creating a separate function that is not exposed in the public API and only used internally?

Sjors · 2024-09-10T13:45:55Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+        ret &= secp256k1_eckey_pubkey_tweak_add(&P_output_ge, &t_k_scalar);
+        found = 0;
+        secp256k1_xonly_pubkey_save(&P_output_xonly, &P_output_ge);
+        for (i = 0; i < n_tx_outputs; i++) {


94c6e1f: could be slightly optimised by skipping over outputs where you already found something. But this loop seems reasonably cheap.

Had considered this! However, this is only relevant for large transactions with many outputs, where multiple outputs are created for the same recipient. For now, I think I'll leave this for a follow up.

Sjors · 2024-09-10T14:32:35Z

examples/silentpayments.c

+ * without any warranty. For the CC0 Public Domain Dedication, see       *
+ * EXAMPLES_COPYING or https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 *
+ *************************************************************************/
+


5c546e2 for cmake:

diff --git a/examples/CMakeLists.txt b/examples/CMakeLists.txt index fd1ebce..66e989e 100644 --- a/examples/CMakeLists.txt +++ b/examples/CMakeLists.txt @@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ function(add_example name) add_executable(${target_name} ${name}.c) target_include_directories(${target_name} PRIVATE ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include + ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} ) target_link_libraries(${target_name} secp256k1 @@ -32,3 +33,7 @@ endif() if(SECP256K1_ENABLE_MODULE_ELLSWIFT) add_example(ellswift) endif() + +if(SECP256K1_ENABLE_MODULE_SILENTPAYMENTS) + add_example(silentpayments) +endif()

cmake .. -DSECP256K1_BUILD_EXAMPLES=1 -DSECP256K1_ENABLE_MODULE_SILENTPAYMENTS=1

jonasnick · 2024-10-11T13:30:38Z

examples/silentpayments.c

+                unsigned int m = 1;
+
+                /* Load Bob's spend public key */
+                ret = secp256k1_ec_pubkey_parse(ctx,


This ret is unused.

jonasnick · 2024-10-11T13:32:02Z

examples/silentpayments.c

+                 * and is using the resulting labelled spend pubkey to encode a
+                 * labelled silent payments address.
+                 */
+                ret = secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_create_label_tweak(ctx,


ret is only checked after ec_pubkey_serialize.

jonasnick · 2024-10-11T13:32:38Z

examples/silentpayments.c

+
+            /* Scan the transaction */
+            n_found_outputs = 0;
+            ret = secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_scan_outputs(ctx,


ret is unchecked.

jonasnick · 2024-10-11T13:38:55Z

examples/silentpayments.c

+            ret = secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_public_data_parse(ctx,
+                &public_data,
+                light_client_data33
+            );
+            assert(ret);


IIUC public_data typically comes from an untrusted source, so I don't think callers want to assert this. I think there are other places in the code where an assert may mislead readers of the example. For example, when parsing the recipient address. It may also make sense to add a comment to assert(n_found_outputs == 1); explaining that this is only true in this particular test. And btw, I noticed that the number of found outputs is not asserted for Carol.

jonasnick · 2024-10-11T13:39:59Z

examples/silentpayments.c

+    /*** Sending ***/
+    {
+        secp256k1_keypair sender_seckeys[N_INPUTS];
+        const secp256k1_keypair *sender_seckey_ptrs[N_INPUTS];


Why is this called sender_seckeys instead of sender_keypair? Same in the silentpayments.h.

jonasnick · 2024-10-11T14:41:12Z

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

+} secp256k1_silentpayments_public_data;
+
+/** Compute Silent Payment public data from input public keys and transaction
+ * inputs.


Suggested change

* inputs.

* inputs.

jonasnick · 2024-10-11T14:42:37Z

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

+
+/** Scan for Silent Payment transaction outputs.
+ *
+ *  Given a input public sum, an input_hash, a recipient's spend public key


maybe just "public data" would be clearer than "input public sum and input_hash".

jonasnick · 2024-10-11T14:44:33Z

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

+ *                  public_data: pointer to the input public key sum
+ *                               (optionally, with the `input_hash` multiplied
+ *                               in, see `_recipient_public_data_create`).


I didn't find anything in the _recipient_public_data_create doc that would explain this optional multiplication.

jonasnick · 2024-10-11T14:45:02Z

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

+
+/** Parse a 33-byte sequence into a silent_payments_public_data object.
+ *
+ *  Returns: 1 if the data was able to be parsed. 


trailing whitespace

jonasnick · 2024-10-11T14:45:39Z

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

+ *                               a label value. This function takes a label
+ *                               pubkey as an argument and returns a pointer to
+ *                               the label tweak if the label exists, otherwise
+ *                               returns a nullptr (NULL if labels are not


s/nullptr/NULL pointer would be more consistent.

jonasnick · 2024-10-13T07:03:58Z

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

+ * any further elliptic-curve operations from the wallet.
+ */
+
+/* This struct serves as an In param for passing the silent payment address


Suggested change

/* This struct serves as an In param for passing the silent payment address

/* This struct serves as an input argument for passing the silent payment address

would be more consistent with secp256k1.h

jonasnick · 2024-10-13T07:04:28Z

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

+ * When more than one recipient is used the recipient array will be sorted in
+ * place as part of generating the outputs, but the generated outputs will be
+ * returned in the original ordering specified by the index to ensure the
+ * caller is able to match up the generated outputs to the correct silent
+ * payment address (e.g. to be able to assign the correct amounts to the


Suggested change

* When more than one recipient is used the recipient array will be sorted in

* place as part of generating the outputs, but the generated outputs will be

* returned in the original ordering specified by the index to ensure the

* caller is able to match up the generated outputs to the correct silent

* payment address (e.g. to be able to assign the correct amounts to the

* When more than one recipient is used, the recipient array will be sorted in

* place as part of generating the outputs, but the generated outputs will be

* returned in the original ordering specified by the index to ensure the

* caller is able to match up the generated outputs to the correct silent

* payment address (e.g., to be able to assign the correct amounts to the

Sosthene00 · 2024-10-25T20:58:27Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+    last_recipient = *recipients[0];
+    k = 0;
+    for (i = 0; i < n_recipients; i++) {
+        if ((i == 0) || (secp256k1_ec_pubkey_cmp(ctx, &last_recipient.scan_pubkey, &recipients[i]->scan_pubkey) != 0)) {


I was a bit worried about that part, because it seems that if we have 3 recipients with 2 scan_pubkeys that are not contiguous, i.e. ABA instead of AAB, we would reset k to 0 when hitting A for the second time instead of correctly incrementing k to 1, resulting in generating the same pubkey twice (assuming identical spend_key of course).
I must be missing something though because I can't make the tests fail with this pattern, it seems that the same (correct) outputs are being generated regardless of the order.

Note that a few lines above before the loop, the recipients are sorted by scan pubkey (see secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_sort) in order to avoid the problem you described. The outputs are still returned in the original order, by taking use of the index field of the recipient structure that a user has to set in ascending order (0, 1, 2, ...).

You're right, nothing to see here then

Sosthene00 · 2024-10-26T09:52:52Z

examples/silentpayments.c

+             * Being a light client, Carol likely does not have access to the
+             * transaction outputs. This means she will need to first generate
+             * an output, check if it exists in the UTXO set (e.g. BIP158 or
+             * some other means of querying) and only proceed to check the next
+             * output (by incrementing `k`) if the first output exists.


It seems that this description of the light client workflow would only work for users that don't use labels at all. While we could assume that indeed most light client users wouldn't use labels, I think we'd rather make a slighter more general example here assuming that Carol also use labels, or if we don't want to make the example more complicated at the very least explain it here in comments. Here's a quick rewriting of this paragraph based on how we made it work for Dana:

/** Being a light client, Carol likely does not have access to the * transaction outputs. This means she will need to first generate * the first outputs she would get in a transaction, meaning the output * from her plain spend_pubkey + one for each label she monitors * with _k_ == 0 , and check if it exists in the UTXO set (e.g. BIP158 or * some other means of querying). * * As soon as she finds an output she can request the whole transaction * (or rather the whole block to not reveal which transactions * she's interested in) and use the same function than Bob from there * to find any other output that belongs to her. * * She would then repeat this operation for each `public_data` she received */

Alternatively I guess she could also increment k when she has a match and keep looking for outputs this way, but she needs to generate the k+1 output for each label also. Maybe that would indeed make more sense if we go for UTXO set scanning instead of scanning each block sequentially.

This is a good call out. I added a sentence to indicate that, while its not recommended, Carol can still uses labels as a light client using the addition method.

I think another reason I didn't include light client labels is because this would require a function for adding arbitrary public keys, which at this point we are trying to avoid.

Yes I agree it's kind of an edge case and we want to be careful not to compromise too much because of it, but on the other hand we should acknowledge it because it will definitely happen I think. I'll try to complete the tests on that part and see how bad it makes things

josibake · 2024-11-07T13:27:00Z

Big thanks to all the review over the last few months and apologies for my slow response. I'm in the process of rebasing and incorporating review feedback, should have the PR updated shortly.

theuni · 2024-11-12T18:36:51Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+     * to identify the resulting transaction as a silent payments transaction and potentially link the transaction
+     * back to the silent payment address
+     */
+    memset(hash_ser, 0, sizeof(hash_ser));


Note that this will probably be a noop. See "notes" here: https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/string/byte/memset

secp has secure_erase in examples. Maybe that could be brought out? Surely there are other places where a cleanse is necessary?

A memory cleanse function secp256k1_memclear is available since the recently merged #1579 (using the same memory-barrier-approach as in Bitcoin Core) and should be used for that purpose.

Aha, perfect, thanks! I was grepping on an old branch and missed this.

stratospher · 2024-11-01T05:51:37Z

include/secp256k1_silentpayments.h

+ *  parameter pairs, depending on whether the seckeys correspond to x-only
+ *  outputs or not.
+ *
+ *  Returns: 1 if creation of outputs was successful. 0 if an error occured.


9d6769f: typo nit: s/occured/occurred here and in few more places in the file

stratospher · 2024-12-02T12:57:03Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+    hash->bytes = 64;
+}
+
+static void secp256k1_silentpayments_create_t_k(secp256k1_scalar *t_k_scalar, const unsigned char *shared_secret33, unsigned int k) {


9d6769f: micro nit: might make sense to add const qualifier to the int too. also for the int in other functions - secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_create_output_pubkey, secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_create_label_tweak, secp256k1_silentpayments_create_output_pubkey

stratospher · 2024-12-03T08:59:56Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+    /* Calculate the input hash and tweak a_sum, i.e., a_sum_tweaked = a_sum * input_hash */
+    secp256k1_silentpayments_calculate_input_hash(input_hash, outpoint_smallest36, &A_sum_ge);
+    secp256k1_scalar_set_b32(&input_hash_scalar, input_hash, &overflow);
+    ret &= !overflow;


9d6769f: BIP sounds like it ignores overflow in https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0352.mediawiki#creating-outputs. though everywhere in the code input_hash overflow would lead to failure. It's a very unlikely scenario and not sure which option is preferable, but would be nice to keep BIP and code consistent.

stratospher · 2024-12-03T09:00:22Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+    secp256k1_write_be32(k_serialized, k);
+    secp256k1_sha256_write(&hash, k_serialized, sizeof(k_serialized));
+    secp256k1_sha256_finalize(&hash, hash_ser);
+    secp256k1_scalar_set_b32(t_k_scalar, hash_ser, NULL);


9d6769f: BIP says to fail If t_k is not valid tweak - https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0352.mediawiki#creating-outputs
here, we're ignoring the overflow. we could keep it consistent with the BIP?

(have a similar comment in call site of secp256k1_silentpayments_create_t_k)

stratospher · 2024-12-05T08:52:14Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+    ARG_CHECK(output33 != NULL);
+    ARG_CHECK(public_data != NULL);
+    /* Only allow public_data to be serialized if it has the hash and the summed public key
+     * This helps protect against accidentally serialiazing just a the summed public key A


94c6e1f: typo nit:

Suggested change

* This helps protect against accidentally serialiazing just a the summed public key A

* This helps protect against accidentally serializing just the summed public key A

stratospher · 2024-12-05T09:01:37Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+    ret &= secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_public_data_load_pubkey(ctx, &pubkey, public_data);
+    secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_public_data_load_input_hash(input_hash, public_data);
+    ret &= secp256k1_ec_pubkey_tweak_mul(ctx, &pubkey, input_hash);
+    secp256k1_ec_pubkey_serialize(ctx, output33, &pubkeylen, &pubkey, SECP256K1_EC_COMPRESSED);


94c6e1f: micro nit: could add VERIFY_CHECK(pubkeylen == 33)

stratospher · 2024-12-05T12:41:41Z

src/modules/silentpayments/tests_impl.h

+    CHECK(secp256k1_silentpayments_recipient_public_data_parse(CTX, &pd, malformed) == 0);
+
+    /* This public_data object was created with combined = 0, i.e., it has both the input hash and summed public keypair.
+     * In instances where the caller has access the the full transaction, they should use `_scan_outputs` instead, so


94c6e1f:

Suggested change

* In instances where the caller has access the the full transaction, they should use `_scan_outputs` instead, so

* In instances where the caller has access to the full transaction, they should use `_scan_outputs` instead, so

stratospher · 2024-12-08T13:47:46Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+        return 0;
+    }
+    combined = (int)public_data->data[0];
+    if (!combined) {


94c6e1f: I think comments here would be useful! (thanks @theStack for explaining the intuition behind this!)

maybe something like:

/** * If combined is set, pubkey in `public_data` contains input_hash * pubkey. Save an extra scalar multiplication * by only having to compute shared_secret = recipient_scan_key * (input_hash * pubkey). * * If combined is not set, update recipient_scan_key to contain recipient_scan_key * input_hash and then compute * shared_secret = (recipient_scan_key * input_hash) * pubkey. */

I'm confused again. I thought we're saving a point multiplication but looks like we're saving a scalar multiplication here.

stratospher · 2024-12-09T13:21:02Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+    k = 0;
+    for (i = 0; i < n_recipients; i++) {
+        if ((i == 0) || (secp256k1_ec_pubkey_cmp(ctx, &last_recipient.scan_pubkey, &recipients[i]->scan_pubkey) != 0)) {
+            /* If we are on a different scan pubkey, its time to recreate the the shared secret and reset k to 0.


9d6769f:

Suggested change

/* If we are on a different scan pubkey, its time to recreate the the shared secret and reset k to 0.

/* If we are on a different scan pubkey, its time to recreate the shared secret and reset k to 0.

stratospher · 2024-12-12T04:57:53Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+        secp256k1_silentpayments_create_t_k(&t_k_scalar, shared_secret, k);
+
+        /* Calculate P_output = B_spend + t_k * G
+         * This can fail if t_k overflows the curver order, but this is statistically improbable


94c6e1f: it don't think it can fail because of overflow at this point (the overflow is ignored and t_k has already been converted to a scalar in secp256k1_silentpayments_create_t_k). we could move this comment up into secp256k1_silentpayments_create_t_k and handle failure inside that function.

Eunovo · 2024-12-16T09:56:06Z

src/modules/silentpayments/main_impl.h

+
+    /* Compute input private keys sum: a_sum = a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_n */
+    a_sum_scalar = secp256k1_scalar_zero;
+    for (i = 0; i < n_plain_seckeys; i++) {


How should we handle secret keys that add up to SECP256k1_N?
I tested this locally with ALICE_SECKKEY = 0xeadc78165ff1f8ea94ad7cfdc54990738a4c53f6e0507b42154201b8e5dff3b1 and another secret key I generated with SECP256K1_N - ALICE_SECKEY = 0x152387e9a00e07156b5283023ab66f8b306288efcef824f9aa905cd3ea564d90. Passing these two plain secret keys causes secp256k1_silentpayments_sender_create_outputs to fail

josibake mentioned this pull request Apr 19, 2024

Add silentpayments (BIP352) module #1471

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real-or-random added the feature label Apr 19, 2024

josibake mentioned this pull request Apr 22, 2024

BIP352 tracking issue bitcoin/bitcoin#28536

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theStack reviewed Apr 22, 2024

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Sjors mentioned this pull request May 2, 2024

Silent Payments: Implement BIP352 bitcoin/bitcoin#28122

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josibake mentioned this pull request May 3, 2024

Add secp256k1_pubkey_sort #1518

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edwargix mentioned this pull request May 16, 2024

[ Feature Request ] Implement BIP352 sending (send to silent payment address) spesmilo/electrum#8847

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apoelstra mentioned this pull request May 18, 2024

Silent payments addresses (BIP352) rust-bitcoin/rust-bitcoin#2778

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theStack and others added 7 commits August 15, 2024 12:51

silentpayments: add examples/silentpayments.c

5c546e2

Demonstrate sending, scanning, and light client scanning.

silentpayments: add benchmarks for scanning

566b5b8

Add a benchmark for a full transaction scan and for scanning a single output. Only benchmarks for scanning are added as this is the most performance critical portion of the protocol.

tests: add BIP-352 test vectors

5ce0db1

Add the BIP-352 test vectors. The vectors are generated with a Python script that converts the .json file from the BIP to C code: $ ./tools/tests_silentpayments_generate.py test_vectors.json > ./src/modules/silentpayments/vectors.h

ci: enable silentpayments module

5b9714f

docs: update README

f42e0dd

josibake force-pushed the bip352-silentpayments-module branch from 3165b6b to f42e0dd Compare August 15, 2024 10:52

theStack reviewed Aug 20, 2024

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jlest01 mentioned this pull request Aug 25, 2024

[POC/WIP] Add optional Bip352 silentpayments index romanz/electrs#1075

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Cheapshot003 mentioned this pull request Sep 3, 2024

#1570 improve examples: remove key generation loop #1599

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cygnet3 mentioned this pull request Dec 8, 2024

Enhance code readability with detailed comments for find_output.rs cygnet3/rust-silentpayments#100

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fedebuyito mentioned this pull request Dec 17, 2024

Add Silent Payment Send Optionality as new feature SeedSigner/seedsigner#633

Open

	* It's very unlikely tha the scan public key is invalid by this point, since this means the caller would
	* It's very unlikely that the scan public key is invalid by this point, since this means the caller would

	* corresponding serialized labelled spend public key:
	* corresponding labelled spend public key:

		* Given the public input data (secp256k1_silentpayments_public_data),
		* calculate the shared secret.

	* This can fail if t_k overflows the curver order, but this is statistically improbable
	* This can fail if t_k overflows the curve order, but this is statistically improbable

	memset(&pd.data[1], 0, sizeof(&pd.data - 1));
	memset(&pd.data[1], 0, sizeof(pd.data) - 1));

	/* Zero memory if flag == 1. Flag must be 0 or 1. Constant time. */
	static SECP256K1_INLINE void secp256k1_memczero(void *s, size_t len, int flag) {

	/* This struct serves as an In param for passing the silent payment address
	/* This struct serves as an input argument for passing the silent payment address

	* This helps protect against accidentally serialiazing just a the summed public key A
	* This helps protect against accidentally serializing just the summed public key A

	* In instances where the caller has access the the full transaction, they should use `_scan_outputs` instead, so
	* In instances where the caller has access to the full transaction, they should use `_scan_outputs` instead, so

	/* If we are on a different scan pubkey, its time to recreate the the shared secret and reset k to 0.
	/* If we are on a different scan pubkey, its time to recreate the shared secret and reset k to 0.

Add BIP352 silentpayments module #1519

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Add BIP352 silentpayments module #1519

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josibake commented Apr 19, 2024 • edited Loading

For sending

For scanning

Note for reviewers

Notable differences between this PR and the previous version

Outstanding work

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real-or-random commented May 31, 2024 • edited Loading

Some general notes

On error handling in general

ARG_CHECK

What does this mean for this discussion?

On the sender side: The secret keys sum up to zero (sum_i a_i = 0)

On the recipient side: The public keys sum up to infinity (sum_i A_i = 0) [1]

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Add BIP352 `silentpayments` module #1519

Add BIP352 `silentpayments` module #1519

josibake commented Apr 19, 2024 •

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real-or-random commented May 31, 2024 •

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On the sender side: The secret keys sum up to zero (`sum_i a_i = 0`)

On the recipient side: The public keys sum up to infinity (`sum_i A_i = 0`) [1]

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