Fixes several code quality issues (Code Analysis)

[NightOwl888]

This PR:

1. Adds an .editorconfig file to take control over the code analysis rules.
2. Fixes most of the code analysis suggestions that were given.
3. Disables some code analysis rules (such as nesting classes, catching common exceptions, and those that only apply to .NET Standard 2.1+).
4. Disables additional code analysis rules in the tests to keep them more in line with Java.
5. Fixes some bugs that were located in the process (such as parameters that weren't being cascaded, and properties that weren't returning their backing field's value).
6. Addresses some performance issues (such as removing fields and parameters that were not in use and adding several aggressive inlining attributes).
7. Removes some dead code and commented code.