Make from_parts a LRU to increase the chance we can preserve the internal cache

[bdraco]

We end up doing the same modification to URL objects quite frequently. Because URL objects are immutable, when this happens the self._cache is lost and has to be reconstructed for the new URL object that is produced. Additionally, we had ended up with a few places where the object.__new__(URL) was inlined because it was faster. We can move this all behind an lru_cache which ensures self._cache is preserved if the parts are in the cache which is the common case for most applications. With this change we can centralize most of the __new__ construction and make the code a bit more DRY.

[codspeed-hq]

CodSpeed Performance Report

Merging #1434 will improve performances by 85.74%

_{Comparing dry_from_parts (ca72808) with master (22544b1)}

Summary

⚡ 20 improvements
✅ 65 untouched benchmarks

Benchmarks breakdown

	Benchmark	master	dry_from_parts	Change
⚡	test_update_query_empty	94.9 µs	65.3 µs	+45.22%
⚡	test_update_query_none	90.2 µs	61.1 µs	+47.56%
⚡	test_url_extend_query_existing_query_string	151.8 µs	126.5 µs	+19.99%
⚡	test_url_join	251.9 µs	208.8 µs	+20.6%
⚡	test_url_joinpath	657.3 µs	546.9 µs	+20.18%
⚡	test_url_joinpath_encoded	619.2 µs	509.8 µs	+21.45%
⚡	test_url_joinpath_encoded_long	962.6 µs	853.9 µs	+12.73%
⚡	test_url_joinpath_with_truediv	750.6 µs	644.1 µs	+16.54%
⚡	test_url_with_fragment	299 µs	189.5 µs	+57.76%
⚡	test_url_with_host	492.1 µs	373.3 µs	+31.81%
⚡	test_url_with_name	473.2 µs	372.2 µs	+27.13%
⚡	test_url_with_password	447.1 µs	332.7 µs	+34.38%
⚡	test_url_with_path	325.8 µs	214.2 µs	+52.1%
⚡	test_url_with_path_parent	438.1 µs	333.1 µs	+31.49%
⚡	test_url_with_path_relative	231.9 µs	124.9 µs	+85.74%
⚡	test_url_with_port	436.5 µs	316.3 µs	+37.99%
⚡	test_url_with_scheme	265.9 µs	169.1 µs	+57.25%
⚡	test_url_with_user	438 µs	320.9 µs	+36.5%
⚡	test_with_query_empty	112.2 µs	83.3 µs	+34.75%
⚡	test_with_query_none	107.7 µs	79.2 µs	+36.01%

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 96.10%. Comparing base (22544b1) to head (ca72808).
Report is 1 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #1434      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   96.11%   96.10%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files          31       31              
  Lines        5871     5855      -16     
  Branches      348      348              
==========================================
- Hits         5643     5627      -16     
  Misses        202      202              
  Partials       26       26              

Flag	Coverage Δ
CI-GHA	96.10% <100.00%> (-0.02%)	⬇️
MyPy	49.25% <97.14%> (-0.11%)	⬇️
OS-Linux	99.55% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
OS-Windows	99.62% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
OS-macOS	99.30% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
Py-3.10.11	99.28% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
Py-3.10.15	99.51% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
Py-3.11.10	99.51% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
Py-3.11.9	99.28% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
Py-3.12.7	99.51% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
Py-3.13.0	99.51% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
Py-3.9.13	99.24% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
Py-3.9.20	99.47% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
Py-pypy7.3.16	99.53% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
Py-pypy7.3.17	99.55% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
VM-macos-latest	99.30% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
VM-ubuntu-latest	99.55% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
VM-windows-latest	99.62% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
pytest	99.55% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

[bdraco]

Looking at the distribution of calls. It makes sense to close #1433 and merge a combination of this and #1432

[bdraco]

Hit rate looks great

2024-11-29 11:58:55.494 CRITICAL (SyncWorker_0) [homeassistant.components.profiler] Cache stats for lru_cache <function from_parts at 0x7ff1e12c5300> at /usr/local/lib/python3.13/site-packages/yarl/_url.py: CacheInfo(hits=2404, misses=502, maxsize=128, currsize=128)
...
2024-11-29 12:15:40.829 CRITICAL (SyncWorker_3) [homeassistant.components.profiler] Cache stats for lru_cache <function from_parts at 0x7ff1e12c5300> at /usr/local/lib/python3.13/site-packages/yarl/_url.py: CacheInfo(hits=5077, misses=959, maxsize=128, currsize=128)

Also we end up with a massive improvement in the self._cache hit rate because we don't have to rebuild it every time we modify the url if its already in the cache

[bdraco]

2024-11-29 19:42:14.766 CRITICAL (SyncWorker_5) [homeassistant.components.profiler] Cache stats for lru_cache <function from_parts_uncached at 0x7f1095e91440> at /usr/local/lib/python3.13/site-packages/yarl/_url.py: CacheInfo(hits=13122, misses=228, maxsize=128, currsize=128)

[bdraco]

Thats after startup ~100 minutes