Remove the removal of broken detached parts

[alexey-milovidov]

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• Backward Incompatible Change

Changelog entry (a user-readable short description of the changes that goes to CHANGELOG.md):

There is no longer an option to automatically remove broken data parts. This closes #55174.

This writes off the previous work in #37975 #41190 #48730 #53164

[robot-clickhouse-ci-1]

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[azat]

JFYI I was using this on one of clusters, because of on abnormal server restart, that was not that rare (due to faulty hardware) and without fsync it is highly lightly that you will have some broken parts after this. And usually in such parts all files are empty (but not always), and using automatic clean + max_suspicious_broken_parts_bytes=1 may be not that bad.

Though I do agree that it is a dangerous feature.

[tavplubix]

@alexey-milovidov, this test was testing a different feature, please add it back

[tavplubix]

#55605

[geldot]

This commit left behind an unused symbol DetachedPartInfo::DETACHED_REASONS_REMOVABLE_BY_TIMEOUT