Significantly faster cohorts detection.

asv_bench/benchmarks/cohorts.py

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 import dask
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
+import xarray as xr
 
 import flox
+from flox.xarray import xarray_reduce
 
 
 class Cohorts:
@@ -12,7 +14,7 @@ def setup(self, *args, **kwargs):
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def time_find_group_cohorts(self):
-        flox.core.find_group_cohorts(self.by, self.array.chunks)
+        flox.core.find_group_cohorts(self.by, [self.array.chunks[ax] for ax in self.axis])
         # The cache clear fails dependably in CI
         # Not sure why
         try:
@@ -125,3 +127,13 @@ class PerfectMonthlyRechunked(PerfectMonthly):
     def setup(self, *args, **kwargs):
         super().setup()
         super().rechunk()
+
+
+def time_cohorts_era5_single():
+    TIME = 900  # 92044 in Google ARCO ERA5
+    da = xr.DataArray(
+        dask.array.ones((TIME, 721, 1440), chunks=(1, -1, -1)),
+        dims=("time", "lat", "lon"),
+        coords=dict(time=pd.date_range("1959-01-01", freq="6H", periods=TIME)),
+    )
+    xarray_reduce(da, da.time.dt.day, method="cohorts", func="any")

flox/core.py

@@ -208,15 +208,20 @@ def find_group_cohorts(labels, chunks, merge: bool = True) -> dict:
     # 1. First subset the array appropriately
     axis = range(-labels.ndim, 0)
     # Easier to create a dask array and use the .blocks property
-    array = dask.array.ones(tuple(sum(c) for c in chunks), chunks=chunks)
+    array = dask.array.empty(tuple(sum(c) for c in chunks), chunks=chunks)
     labels = np.broadcast_to(labels, array.shape[-labels.ndim :])
 
     #  Iterate over each block and create a new block of same shape with "chunk number"
     shape = tuple(array.blocks.shape[ax] for ax in axis)
-    blocks = np.empty(math.prod(shape), dtype=object)
-    for idx, block in enumerate(array.blocks.ravel()):
-        blocks[idx] = np.full(tuple(block.shape[ax] for ax in axis), idx)
-    which_chunk = np.block(blocks.reshape(shape).tolist()).reshape(-1)
+    # Use a numpy object array to enable assignment in the loop
+    # TODO: is it possible to just use a nested list?
+    #       That is what we need for `np.block`
+    blocks = np.empty(shape, dtype=object)
+    array_chunks = tuple(np.array(c) for c in array.chunks)
+    for idx, blockindex in enumerate(np.ndindex(array.numblocks)):
+        chunkshape = tuple(c[i] for c, i in zip(array_chunks, blockindex))
+        blocks[blockindex] = np.full(chunkshape, idx)
+    which_chunk = np.block(blocks.tolist()).reshape(-1)
 
     raveled = labels.reshape(-1)
     # these are chunks where a label is present
@@ -229,7 +234,11 @@ def invert(x) -> tuple[np.ndarray, ...]:
 
     chunks_cohorts = tlz.groupby(invert, label_chunks.keys())
 
-    if merge:
+    # If our dataset has chunksize one along the axis,
+    # then no merging is possible.
+    single_chunks = all((ac == 1).all() for ac in array_chunks)
+
+    if merge and not single_chunks:
         # First sort by number of chunks occupied by cohort
         sorted_chunks_cohorts = dict(
             sorted(chunks_cohorts.items(), key=lambda kv: len(kv[0]), reverse=True)