Switch tests and documentation to use qiskit-ibm-runtime fake backends

The IBM-specific fake backends in Qiskit are being removed in Qiskit 1.0
in Qiskit/qiskit#11376. The same fake backends
have been moved to qiskit-ibm-runtime in
Qiskit/qiskit-ibm-runtime#1140 and follow up
PRs.

Here the `qiskit` imports are replaced with `qiskit-ibm-runtime` imports
in order to provide a smooth transition between Qiskit 0.45 and Qiskit
1.0. In the future, it may be preferable to use generic fake backends
maintained in the repo and not depend on `qiskit-ibm-runtime` for them.

Additionally, this commit reorders the requirements-dev.txt file so it
is easier to read and adds qiskit-ibm-runtime as a development
dependency.

docs/manuals/characterization/stark_experiment.rst

@@ -112,9 +112,13 @@ drive port of the qubit.
 In a typical IBM device using the cross-resonance drive architecture,
 such channel can be identified with your backend as follows:
 
+.. note::
+    This tutorial requires the :mod:`qiskit_ibm_runtime` package to model a 
+   backend.  You can install it with ``python -m pip install qiskit-ibm-runtime``.
+
 .. jupyter-execute::
 
-    from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakeHanoiV2
+    from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakeHanoiV2
 
     backend = FakeHanoiV2()
     qubit = 0
@@ -143,7 +147,7 @@ by a variant of the Hahn-echo pulse sequence [5]_.
 
     from qiskit_experiments.library import StarkRamseyXY
     from qiskit import schedule, pulse
-    from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakeHanoi
+    from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakeHanoi
     from qiskit.visualization.pulse_v2 import IQXSimple
 
     backend = FakeHanoi()

docs/manuals/characterization/t1.rst

@@ -30,8 +30,9 @@ The following code demonstrates a basic run of a :math:`T_1` experiment
 for qubit 0.
 
 .. note::
-    This manual requires the :mod:`qiskit_aer` package to run simulations.
-    You can install it with ``python -m pip install qiskit-aer``.
+    This tutorial requires the :mod:`qiskit_aer` and :mod:`qiskit_ibm_runtime`
+   packages to run simulations.  You can install them with ``python -m pip
+   install qiskit-aer qiskit-ibm-runtime``.
 
 .. jupyter-execute::
 
@@ -42,9 +43,9 @@ for qubit 0.
     from qiskit_experiments.library.characterization.analysis.t1_analysis import T1KerneledAnalysis
 
     # A T1 simulator
-    from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakePerth
     from qiskit_aer import AerSimulator
     from qiskit_aer.noise import NoiseModel
+    from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakePerth
 
     # A kerneled data simulator
     from qiskit_experiments.test.mock_iq_backend import MockIQBackend

docs/manuals/characterization/t2ramsey.rst

@@ -58,13 +58,14 @@ We run the experiment on a simulated backend using Qiskit Aer with a
 pure T1/T2 relaxation noise model.
 
 .. note::
-    This manual requires the :mod:`qiskit_aer` package to run simulations.
-    You can install it with ``python -m pip install qiskit-aer``.
+    This tutorial requires the :mod:`qiskit_aer` and :mod:`qiskit_ibm_runtime`
+   packages to run simulations.  You can install them with ``python -m pip
+   install qiskit-aer qiskit-ibm-runtime``.
 
 .. jupyter-execute::
 
     # A T1 simulator
-    from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakePerth
+    from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakePerth
     from qiskit_aer import AerSimulator
     from qiskit_aer.noise import NoiseModel
 

docs/manuals/characterization/tphi.rst

@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@ From the :math:`T_1` and :math:`T_2` estimates, we compute the results for
 :math:`T_\varphi.`
 
 .. note::
-    This manual requires the :mod:`qiskit_aer` package to run simulations.
-    You can install it with ``python -m pip install qiskit-aer``.
+    This tutorial requires the :mod:`qiskit_aer` and :mod:`qiskit_ibm_runtime`
+   packages to run simulations.  You can install them with ``python -m pip
+   install qiskit-aer qiskit-ibm-runtime``.
 
 .. jupyter-execute::
 
@@ -31,9 +32,9 @@ From the :math:`T_1` and :math:`T_2` estimates, we compute the results for
     from qiskit_experiments.library.characterization import Tphi
 
     # An Aer simulator
-    from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakePerth
     from qiskit_aer import AerSimulator
     from qiskit_aer.noise import NoiseModel
+    from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakePerth
 
     # Create a pure relaxation noise model for AerSimulator
     noise_model = NoiseModel.from_backend(

docs/manuals/measurement/readout_mitigation.rst

@@ -31,8 +31,9 @@ This notebook demonstrates the usage of both the local and correlated
 experiments to generate the corresponding mitigators.
 
 .. note::
-    This manual requires the :mod:`qiskit_aer` package to run simulations.
-    You can install it with ``python -m pip install qiskit-aer``.
+    This tutorial requires the :mod:`qiskit_aer` and :mod:`qiskit_ibm_runtime`
+   packages to run simulations.  You can install them with ``python -m pip
+   install qiskit-aer qiskit-ibm-runtime``.
 
 .. jupyter-execute::
 
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ experiments to generate the corresponding mitigators.
     from qiskit_experiments.library import LocalReadoutError, CorrelatedReadoutError
 
     from qiskit_aer import AerSimulator
-    from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakePerth
+    from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakePerth
 
     from qiskit.result.mitigation.utils import (
         expval_with_stddev,

docs/manuals/measurement/restless_measurements.rst

@@ -58,15 +58,20 @@ a fake backend and a rough DRAG experiment. Note however, that you will not
 observe any meaningful outcomes with fake backends since the circuit simulator
 they use always starts with the qubits in the ground state.
 
+.. note::
+    This tutorial requires the :mod:`qiskit_ibm_runtime` package to model a 
+   backend.  You can install it with ``python -m pip install qiskit-ibm-runtime``.
+
 .. jupyter-execute::
 
+    from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakePerth
+
     from qiskit_experiments.library import RoughDragCal
     from qiskit_experiments.calibration_management import (
         Calibrations,
         FixedFrequencyTransmon,
     )
     from qiskit_experiments.data_processing.data_processor import DataProcessor
-    from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakePerth
 
     # replace this lines with an IBM Quantum backend to run the experiment.
     backend = FakePerth()

docs/manuals/verification/quantum_volume.rst

@@ -25,18 +25,19 @@ probability` > 2/3 with confidence level > 0.977 (corresponding to
 z_value = 2), and at least 100 trials have been ran.
 
 .. note::
-    This manual requires the :mod:`qiskit_aer` package to run simulations.
-    You can install it with ``python -m pip install qiskit-aer``.
+    This tutorial requires the :mod:`qiskit_aer` and :mod:`qiskit_ibm_runtime`
+   packages to run simulations.  You can install them with ``python -m pip
+   install qiskit-aer qiskit-ibm-runtime``.
 
 .. jupyter-execute::
 
     from qiskit_experiments.framework import BatchExperiment
     from qiskit_experiments.library import QuantumVolume
-    from qiskit import Aer
-    from qiskit_aer import AerSimulator
 
     # For simulation
-    from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakeSydneyV2
+    from qiskit import Aer
+    from qiskit_aer import AerSimulator
+    from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakeSydneyV2
 
     backend = AerSimulator.from_backend(FakeSydneyV2())
 

docs/manuals/verification/randomized_benchmarking.rst

@@ -11,6 +11,11 @@ error estimates for the quantum device, by calculating the Error Per Clifford. S
 <https://github.com/Qiskit/textbook/blob/main/notebooks/quantum-hardware/randomized-benchmarking.ipynb>`__ for an
 explanation on the RB method, which is based on Refs. [1]_ [2]_.
 
+.. note::
+    This tutorial requires the :mod:`qiskit_aer` and :mod:`qiskit_ibm_runtime`
+   packages to run simulations.  You can install them with ``python -m pip
+   install qiskit-aer qiskit-ibm-runtime``.
+
 .. jupyter-execute::
 
     import numpy as np
@@ -20,7 +25,7 @@ explanation on the RB method, which is based on Refs. [1]_ [2]_.
 
     # For simulation
     from qiskit_aer import AerSimulator
-    from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakePerth
+    from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakePerth
 
     backend = AerSimulator.from_backend(FakePerth())
 

docs/manuals/verification/state_tomography.rst

@@ -8,15 +8,16 @@ of a quantum state by preparing the state many times and measuring them in a tom
 complete basis of measurement operators.
 
 .. note::
-    This tutorial requires the :mod:`qiskit_aer` package for simulations.
-    You can install it with ``python -m pip install qiskit-aer``.
+    This tutorial requires the :mod:`qiskit_aer` and :mod:`qiskit_ibm_runtime`
+   packages to run simulations.  You can install them with ``python -m pip
+   install qiskit-aer qiskit-ibm-runtime``.
 
 We first initialize a simulator to run the experiments on.
 
 .. jupyter-execute::
 
     from qiskit_aer import AerSimulator
-    from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakePerth
+    from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakePerth
 
     backend = AerSimulator.from_backend(FakePerth())
 

docs/tutorials/getting_started.rst

@@ -54,16 +54,17 @@ the experiment from the Qiskit Experiments library:
     from qiskit_experiments.library import T1
 
 Experiments must be run on a backend. We're going to use a simulator,
-:class:`~qiskit.providers.fake_provider.FakePerth`, for this example, but you can use any
+:class:`~qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider.FakePerth`, for this example, but you can use any
 backend, real or simulated, that you can access through Qiskit.
 
 .. note::
-    This tutorial requires the :mod:`qiskit_aer` package to run simulations.
-    You can install it with ``python -m pip install qiskit-aer``.
+    This tutorial requires the :mod:`qiskit_aer` and :mod:`qiskit_ibm_runtime`
+   packages to run simulations.  You can install them with ``python -m pip
+   install qiskit-aer qiskit-ibm-runtime``.
 
 .. jupyter-execute::
 
-    from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakePerth
+    from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakePerth
     from qiskit_aer import AerSimulator
 
     backend = AerSimulator.from_backend(FakePerth())
@@ -419,4 +420,4 @@ Use the `broadcast` parameter to set analysis options to each of the child exper
 
 If the child experiment inherits from :class:`.CompositeExperiment` (such as :class:`.ParallelExperiment`
 and :class:`.BatchExperiment` classes), this process will continue to work recursively.
-In this instance, the analysis will not generate a figure for the child experiment after the analysis.
+In this instance, the analysis will not generate a figure for the child experiment after the analysis.

docs/tutorials/visualization.rst

@@ -34,8 +34,9 @@ Generating and customizing a figure using a plotter
 First, we display the default figure from a :class:`.Rabi` experiment as a starting point:
 
 .. note::
-    This tutorial requires the :mod:`qiskit_dynamics` package to run simulations.
-    You can install it with ``python -m pip install qiskit-dynamics``.
+    This tutorial requires the :mod:`qiskit_dynamics`, :mod:`qiskit_aer`, and
+   :mod:`qiskit_ibm_runtime` packages to run simulations.  You can install them
+   with ``python -m pip install qiskit-dynamics qiskit-aer qiskit-ibm-runtime``.
 
 .. jupyter-execute::
 
@@ -191,8 +192,8 @@ until now in this tutorial:
 .. jupyter-execute::
 
    from qiskit_experiments.library import T1
-   from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakePerth
    from qiskit_aer import AerSimulator
+   from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakePerth
 
    backend = AerSimulator.from_backend(FakePerth())
 

requirements-dev.txt

@@ -1,25 +1,34 @@
+# Linters
 black~=22.0
+pylint~=3.0.2
+astroid~=3.0.1  # Must be kept aligned to what pylint wants
+
+# Test runner tools
+coverage>=5.5
+ddt>=1.6.0
 fixtures
 stestr
 testtools
-pylint~=3.0.2
-astroid~=3.0.1  # Must be kept aligned to what pylint wants
+
+# Extra dependencies for tests/documentation code
+multimethod
+qiskit-ibm-runtime>=0.18
+
+# Documentation tools
+arxiv
 jinja2==3.0.3
-sphinx>=6.2.1,<=7
 jupyter-sphinx>=0.4.0
-qiskit-sphinx-theme~=1.14.0rc1
-sphinx-design~=0.4.1
-pygments>=2.4
-reno>=4.0.0
 nbsphinx
-arxiv
-ddt>=1.6.0
+pygments>=2.4
 pylatexenc
-multimethod
+qiskit-sphinx-theme~=1.14.0rc1
+reno>=4.0.0
+sphinx>=6.2.1,<=7
 sphinx-copybutton
-coverage>=5.5
+sphinx-design~=0.4.1
+sphinx-remove-toctrees
+
 # Pin versions below because of build errors
 ipykernel<=6.21.3
-jupyter-client<=8.0.3
 ipython<8.13.0 ; python_version<"3.9"  # for python 3.8 compatibility
-sphinx-remove-toctrees
+jupyter-client<=8.0.3

test/calibration/test_calibrations.py

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 from qiskit.circuit.library import CXGate, XGate
 from qiskit.pulse.transforms import inline_subroutines, block_to_schedule
 from qiskit.providers import BackendV2, Options
-from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakeArmonkV2, FakeBelemV2
+from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakeArmonkV2, FakeBelemV2
 from qiskit.transpiler import Target
 
 from qiskit_experiments.framework import BackendData

test/calibration/test_update_library.py

@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 from test.base import QiskitExperimentsTestCase
 import numpy as np
 
-from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakeAthensV2
 from qiskit.qobj.utils import MeasLevel
+from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakeAthensV2
 
 from qiskit_experiments.framework import BackendData
 from qiskit_experiments.library import QubitSpectroscopy

test/database_service/test_db_experiment_data.py

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 import numpy as np
 
-from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakeMelbourneV2
+from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakeMelbourneV2
 from qiskit.result import Result
 from qiskit.providers import JobV1 as Job
 from qiskit.providers import JobStatus

test/framework/test_backend_timing.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 from ddt import data, ddt, unpack
 from qiskit import QiskitError
-from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakeNairobiV2
+from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakeNairobiV2
 
 from qiskit_experiments.framework import BackendTiming
 

test/framework/test_framework.py

@@ -19,9 +19,10 @@
 import ddt
 
 from qiskit import QuantumCircuit
-from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakeVigoV2, FakeJob
+from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakeJob
 from qiskit.providers.jobstatus import JobStatus
 from qiskit.exceptions import QiskitError
+from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakeVigoV2
 
 from qiskit_experiments.exceptions import AnalysisError
 from qiskit_experiments.framework import (

test/library/calibration/test_drag.py

@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@
 from qiskit import pulse
 from qiskit.circuit import Parameter
 from qiskit.exceptions import QiskitError
-from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakeWashingtonV2
 from qiskit.pulse import DriveChannel, Drag
 from qiskit.qobj.utils import MeasLevel
+from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakeWashingtonV2
 
 from qiskit_experiments.library import RoughDrag, RoughDragCal
 from qiskit_experiments.library.characterization.analysis import DragCalAnalysis

test/library/calibration/test_fine_amplitude.py

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 from qiskit import pulse
 from qiskit.circuit import Gate
 from qiskit.circuit.library import XGate, SXGate
-from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakeArmonkV2
 from qiskit.pulse import DriveChannel, Drag
+from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakeArmonkV2
 
 from qiskit_experiments.library import (
     FineXAmplitude,

test/library/calibration/test_fine_drag.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 from qiskit import pulse
 from qiskit.circuit import Gate
-from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakeArmonkV2
+from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakeArmonkV2
 
 from qiskit_experiments.library import FineDrag, FineXDrag, FineDragCal
 from qiskit_experiments.test.mock_iq_backend import MockIQBackend

test/library/calibration/test_fine_frequency.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 from ddt import ddt, data
 
 from qiskit import pulse
-from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakeArmonkV2
+from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakeArmonkV2
 
 from qiskit_experiments.library import (
     FineFrequency,

test/library/calibration/test_ramsey_xy.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 from test.base import QiskitExperimentsTestCase
 
 from ddt import ddt, data, named_data
-from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import FakeArmonkV2
 from qiskit_aer import AerSimulator
+from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakeArmonkV2
 
 from qiskit_experiments.calibration_management.calibrations import Calibrations
 from qiskit_experiments.calibration_management.basis_gate_library import FixedFrequencyTransmon