Improving volcanic ash simulations

[saneku]

This PR incorporates corrections and improvements to the simulation of volcanic eruptions using WRF-Chem.

TYPE: new feature

KEYWORDS: volcanic eruption, emiss_opt_vol, ash, so2, water vapor, sulfate

SOURCE: Alexander Ukhov (KAUST)

DESCRIPTION OF CHANGES:
Problem:
bug in the gravitational settling of the ash. Large ash particles have a very high falling speed.

Solution:
Fix the bug and introduce the correction factor for large ash particles.

New additions:

• Added calculation of optical properties of ash and sulfate aerosol
• Added diagnostics for ash, so2 and sulfate. This can be used for mass balance check
• Added emissions of water vapor and sulfate aerosols
• Added new emiss_opt_vol=3, which implies the new emission preprocessing method (avoiding prep_chem_source.exe)
• Many other small corrections and improvements

LIST OF MODIFIED FILES: list of changed files (use git diff --name-status master to get formatted list)
M Registry/registry.chem
A chem/Makefile_org
M chem/aerosol_driver.F
M chem/chem_driver.F
M chem/chemics_init.F
M chem/dry_dep_driver.F
M chem/emissions_driver.F
M chem/mechanism_driver.F
M chem/module_chem_utilities.F
M chem/module_ctrans_grell.F
M chem/module_optical_averaging.F
M chem/module_vash_settling.F
A chem/module_volc_chem.F
M chem/module_wetdep_ls.F
M chem/optical_driver.F
M share/mediation_integrate.F

TESTS CONDUCTED:

1. Do mods fix problem? How can that be demonstrated, and was that test conducted?
2. Are the Jenkins tests all passing?

RELEASE NOTE: Added new capabilities to simulate volcanic eruptions. A full description of additions and changes is planned in the upcoming GMD publication.

[weiwangncar]

@saneku The regression tests failed with WRF-Chem compilation. Check your inbox and spam folder to see if you received any email and attachment from [email protected]. Or you can check the attached file.
output_1.txt

[weiwangncar]

@saneku Thanks for trying, but the WRF-Chem tests are still failing... Can you compile WRF-Chem successfully at your local computer? The regression tests use a gfortran compiler.

[saneku]

@weiwangncar please provide compile log file.

[weiwangncar]

@saneku Here it is. Still just the chemistry that didn't compile.
output_1.txt

[weiwangncar]

Nicely done! The results from the regression tests are below:

Test Type              | Expected  | Received |  Failed
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =  = = = =
Number of Tests        : 23           24
Number of Builds       : 60           57
Number of Simulations  : 158           150        0
Number of Comparisons  : 95           86        0

Failed Simulations are: 
None
Which comparisons are not bit-for-bit: 
None

[weiwangncar]

@jordanschnell I'm again asking for your help reviewing this PR, when you have some time. Thanks!

[jordanschnell]

@weiwangncar - I've been working with Sasha to fix the compilation issues, etc.

@saneku - could you package the additional diagnostics? (e.g., wd_*, *_drydep, settl, and *_loss)

Otherwise it's looking good.