Fix supervised android launch

[d4vidi]

Description

• This pull request addresses the issue described here: N/A

In this pull request, I have undone the reversion of #4293 - with an essential fix intact, to the following, formerly introduced, regression:

Whenever the test app is launched based on a URL (e.g. deep link), no user launch arguments (specified using the various Detox launch-args API's) are passed in (on Android).

The scope in this PR is therefore 2-fold:

1. The original work of Re supervised android launch #4293, as-is.
2. A fix for the aforementioned issue, alongside a new E2E test that covers this scenario (also involving some refactoring -- moving initial-URL tests onto a dedicated sub-screen), with a similar unit test around the previously impaired logic.

This results in the fact that as per code review, best to do so on a per-commit basis.

cc @evgeni-wix - should fix previously seen internal issues (i.e. broken external-link tests)

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For features/enhancements:

• I have added/updated the relevant references in the documentation files.

For API changes:

• I have made the necessary changes in the types index file.