use debug package for debug logs

[FredKSchott]

Changes

• It's hard to remember to do debug logging. And when you do remember to add debug log statements, our codebase currently forces you to pass the logging object everywhere, even down into small helper functions if that's where you want to log log.
• It's preferred to handle debug logging using a global function, which can be called from everywhere even if the logging object is not present. This makes it easy to add debug log statements without having to change function signatures or worry about passing the logging object around.
• This is acceptable since debugging is a special case where you are not concerned about appearance, and are just looking for a stream of raw data.
• BONUS: Our other dependencies use this same debug package, which means you can flip on/off and filter debug logs across our entire dependency tree using the same system: https://github.com/debug-js/debug#environment-variables
• BONUS 2: It looks pretty.

cc @natemoo-re who I've chatted about wanting to do this with since forever.

Testing

• N/A (tested manually)

Docs

• N/A

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