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Make PressureObserver.observe() and data delivery algorithm less vague (
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#283)

Related to #282: we need these algorithms to be properly defined in order to
be able to support WebDriver and fake pressure states.

This somewhat big change intends to clarify what "activate" and "deactivate"
data delivery actually mean, as there used to be just a "data delivery"
algorithm and no accompanying definitions for those two verbs. Furthermore,
the data delivery algorithm itself was confusing:
- It referenced a `data` variable in its declaration that was never passed
  by any callers.
- `data` was of an implementation-defined type and format, but the steps
  assumed it had some associated information like source type that was not
  set anywhere.

Fixing the above has required changes in different layers:
- The "platform collector" concept, which used to be an abstract entity
  with which all globals interacted to retrieve telemetry data for all
  source types, is now a per-global and per-source type concept.
  The lower-level concept that represents a cross-global interface for the
  hardware or OS is now a "pressure source", which contains a snapshot of
  the latest reading it has retrieved along with a timestamp.
- "Data delivery" is now called "data collection". It uses a platform
  collector and its associated pressure source to retrieve a telemetry
  sample that is transformed into a pressure state.
- There are algorithms for activating and deactivating data collection. Both
  ensure they data collection cannot be started/stopped if they have already
  been.
- `PressureObserver.observe()`'s had a "is not a valid source type" check
  that was too vague, as this step determined whether a given source type
  is supported by the platform or not, but the definition of "valid source
  type" was something else entirely.
  This step has been replaced by a sequence of steps that attempts to
  retrieve an existing platform collector for a source type and, if one does
  not exist, tries to connect to a corresponding pressure source. This
  change makes the same platform collector be used for all observers of a
  given source type and lays out in more detail what it means to check
  whether a source type is valid or not in this context.

Co-authored with @kenchris in #265. It was split off as a separate pull
request to make it easier to review and understand.
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Raphael Kubo da Costa authored Jun 14, 2024
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Expand Up @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ <h3>Sampling and Reporting Rate</h3>
</p>
<p>
The <dfn>reporting rate</dfn> for a pressure observer is the rate at which it runs
the [=data delivery=] steps, and it will never exceed the [=sampling rate=].
the [=data collection=] steps, and it will never exceed the [=sampling rate=].
</p>
<p>
The [=sampling rate=] differs from the [=requested sampling rate=] when the
Expand All @@ -243,26 +243,69 @@ <h3>Sampling and Reporting Rate</h3>

<section> <h2>Platform primitives</h2>
<p>
The [=platform collector=] refers to a platform interface, with which the [=user agent=] interacts to
obtain the telemetry readings required by this specification.
A <dfn>pressure source</dfn> is an abstract, [=implementation-defined=]
interface to hardware counters or an underlying framework that provides
telemetry data about a <dfn>source type</dfn>
defined by {{PressureSource}}. A [=pressure source=] can make use of data
fusion with data from additional sources if that provides more precise
results.
</p>
<p>
A [=platform collector=] can be defined by the underlying platform (e.g. in a native telemetry
framework) or by the [=user agent=], if it has a direct access to hardware counters.
The telemetry data provided by a [=pressure source=] is represented in this
specification as a <dfn>pressure source sample</dfn>, a [=struct=]
consisting of the following [=struct/items=]:
<ul>
<li>
<dfn data-dfn-for="pressure source sample">data</dfn>: [=contributing
factors=] obtained from the underlying hardware or operating system.
</li>
<li>
<dfn data-dfn-for="pressure source sample">timestamp</dfn>: the
[=unsafe shared current time=] when [=pressure source sample/data=] was
obtained.
<aside class="note">
<p>
The purpose of [=pressure source sample/timestamp=] is to use the
same [=monotonic clock/unsafe current time=] for a sample across
all globals and invocations of the [=data collection=] algorithm
which are processing the same [=pressure source sample=].
</p>
</aside>
</li>
</ul>
</p>
<p>
A [=platform collector=] can support telemetry for different <dfn>source types</dfn> of computing
devices defined by {{PressureSource}}, or there can be multiple [=platform collectors=].
A [=pressure source=] has an associated <dfn
data-dfn-for="pressure source">latest sample</dfn>, a [=pressure source
sample=] or null. It is initially null.
</p>
<p>
From the implementation perspective [=platform collector=] can be treated as a software proxy for the
corresponding hardware counters. It is possible to have multiple [=platform collector=] simultaneously
interacting with the same underlying hardware if the underlying platform supports it.
A <dfn>platform collector</dfn> is an abstract interface responsible for
obtaining telemetry samples from a [=pressure source=], transforming them
into [=pressure states=] and providing them to the [=user agent=].
</p>
<p>
In simple cases, a [=platform collector=] represents individual hardware counters, but if the provided
counter readings are a product of data fusion performed in software, the [=platform collector=]
represents the results of the data fusion process. This may happen in user space or in kernel space.
A [=platform collector=] has the following associated data:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
an <dfn data-dfn-for="platform collector">associated pressure
source</dfn>, which is a [=pressure source=] or null.
</li>
<li>
an <dfn data-dfn-for="platform collector">activated</dfn> boolean,
initially false.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
The format of the telemetry data provided by a [=pressure source=]
and stored in its [=pressure source/latest sample=]'s [=pressure source
sample/data=] is [=implementation-defined=], and so is the process through
which a [=platform collector=] transforms it into a [=pressure state=].
</p>
<p>
For this specification's purposes, [=platform collectors=] are scoped to a
[=global object=] via the [=platform collector mapping=].
</p>
<p>
As collecting telemetry data often means polling hardware counters, it is not a free operation and thus,
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -361,7 +404,8 @@ <h3>
a <dfn>registered observer list</dfn> per supported [=source type=], which is initially empty.
</li>
<li>
a reference to an underlying <dfn>platform collector</dfn> as detailed in [[[#platform-primitives]]].
a <dfn>platform collector mapping</dfn>, an [=ordered map=] of [=source
types=] to [=platform collectors=].
</li>
</ul>
A <dfn>registered observer</dfn> consists of an <dfn>observer</dfn> (a {{PressureObserver}} object).
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -606,13 +650,57 @@ <h3>The <dfn>observe()</dfn> method</h3>
Run the following steps [=in parallel=]:
<ol>
<li>
If |source:PressureSource| is not a [=valid source type=],
[=queue a global task=] on the [=PressureObserver task source=]
given |relevantGlobal|
to reject |promise| {{NotSupportedError}} and abort these steps.
Let |platformCollector| be null.
</li>
<li>
If |relevantGlobal|'s [=platform collector mapping=]
[=map/contains=] |source|:
<ol>
<li>
Set |platformCollector| to |relevantGlobal|'s [=platform
collector mapping=][|source|].
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Otherwise:
<ol>
<li>
Let |newCollector| be a new [=platform collector=] whose
[=platform collector/associated pressure source=] is null.
</li>
<li>
Let |pressureSource| be an [=implementation-defined=]
[=pressure source=] that provides telemetry data about
|source|, or null if none exists.
</li>
<li>
Set |newCollector|'s [=platform collector/associated pressure
source=] to |pressureSource|.
</li>
<li>
If |newCollector|'s [=platform collector/associated
pressure source=] is not null:
<ol>
<li>
Set |platformCollector| to |newCollector|.
</li>
<li>
Set |relevantGlobal|'s [=platform collector
mapping=][|source|] to |platformCollector|.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
Activate [=data delivery=] of |source| data to |relevantGlobal|.
If |platformCollector| is null, [=queue a global task=] on the
[=PressureObserver task source=] given |relevantGlobal| to reject
|promise| {{NotSupportedError}} and abort these steps.
</li>
<li>
Invoke [=activate data collection=] with |source| and
|relevantGlobal|.
</li>
<li>
[=Queue a global task=] on the [=PressureObserver task source=] given
Expand All @@ -623,7 +711,7 @@ <h3>The <dfn>observe()</dfn> method</h3>
<ol>
<li>
If |relevantGlobal|'s [=registered observer list=] for |source| is [=list/empty=],
deactivate [=data delivery=] of |source| data to |relevantGlobal|.
invoke [=deactivate data collection=] with |source| and |relevantGlobal|.
</li>
<li>
Return.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -686,9 +774,13 @@ <h3>The <dfn>unobserve()</dfn> method</h3>
If |registeredObserverList| is [=list/empty=]:
<ol>
<li>
Deactivate [=data delivery=] of |source| data to
Invoke [=deactivate data collection=] with |source| and
|relevantGlobal|.
</li>
<li>
[=map/Remove=] |relevantGlobal|'s [=platform collector
mapping=][|source|].
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -730,9 +822,13 @@ <h3>The <dfn>disconnect()</dfn> method</h3>
If |registeredObserverList| is [=list/empty=]:
<ol>
<li>
Deactivate [=data delivery=] of |source| data to
Invoke [=deactivate data collection=] with |source| and
|relevantGlobal|.
</li>
<li>
[=map/Remove=] |relevantGlobal|'s [=platform collector
mapping=][|source|].
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1109,47 +1205,111 @@ <h3>Supporting algorithms</h3>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Data delivery</h3>
<h3>Data Collection and Delivery</h3>
<p>
[=Data delivery=] from a [=platform collector=] can be activate and deactivated in an
[=implementation-defined=] manner per [=source type=] and [=global object=].
To <dfn>activate data collection</dfn> given a [=source type=] |source|
and |relevantGlobal|, perform the following steps:
</p>
<aside class="note">
It is recommended that the [=platform collector=] suspends low-level data polling
when there is no active [=data delivery=] to any {{PressureObserver}} [=relevant global object=].
</aside>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If |relevantGlobal|'s [=platform collector mapping=] does not
[=map/contain=] |source|, abort these steps.
</li>
<li>
Let |platformCollector| be |relevantGlobal|'s [=platform collector
mapping=][|source|].
</li>
<li>
If |platformCollector|'s [=platform collector/activated=] is true,
abort these steps.
</li>
<li>
Set |platformCollector|'s [=platform collector/activated=] to true.
</li>
<li>
In an [=implementation-defined=] manner, start running the [=data
collection=] steps with |relevantGlobal|, |source|, and
|platformCollector|.
<aside class="note">
<p>
This step givens implementations leeway to collect telemetry data
via polling or by subscribing to platform- or OS-specific
notifications.
</p>
</aside>
</li>
</ol>
<p>
The <dfn>data delivery</dfn> steps that are run when
an [=implementation-defined=] |data| sample of [=source type=] |source:PressureSource| is
obtained from [=global object=] |relevantGlobal|'s [=platform collector=],
are as follows:
<ol>
To <dfn>deactivate data collection</dfn> given a [=source type=] |source|
and |relevantGlobal|, perform the following steps:
</p>
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
If |relevantGlobal|'s [=platform collector mapping=] does not
[=map/contain=] |source|, abort these steps.
</li>
<li>
Let |platformCollector| be |relevantGlobal|'s [=platform collector
mapping=][|source|].
</li>
<li>
If |platformCollector|'s [=platform collector/activated=] is false,
abort these steps.
</li>
<li>
In an [=implementation-defined=] manner, stop running the [=data
collection=] steps with |relevantGlobal|, |source|, and
|platformCollector|.
</li>
<li>
Set |platformCollector|'s [=platform collector/activated=] to false.
</li>
<li>
Perform any [=implementation-defined=] steps to signal to
|platformCollector|'s [=platform collector/associated pressure source=]
to stop retrieving telemetry data.
</li>
</ol>
<p>
The <dfn>data collection</dfn> steps given |relevantGlobal|, |source| and
|platformCollector| are as follows:
<ol class="algorithm">
<li>
Let |source:PressureSource| be the [=source type=] of the |data| sample.
Let |pressureSource| be |platformCollector|'s [=platform
collector/associated pressure source=].
</li>
<li>
Let |state:PressureState| be an [=adjusted pressure state=] given |data| and |source|.
<aside class="note">
The |data| sample and mapping between |data| sample, and [=pressure states=],
is [=implementation-defined=] and may use many different metrics. For instance,
for CPU, it might consider processor frequency and utilization, as well
as thermal conditions.
</aside>
If |pressureSource| is null, abort these steps.
</li>
<li>
Let |timestamp| be the [=unsafe shared current time=] corresponding
to the moment when |data| was obtained from |relevantGlobal|'s
[=platform collector=].
<aside class="note">
The goal of this step is to ensure that the same [=monotonic
clock/unsafe current time=] is used across all globals. The value is
then converted into a global-specific, [=coarsened moment=] in the
step below.
</aside>
Let |sample| be |pressureSource|'s [=pressure source/latest sample=].
</li>
<li>
Let |timeValue| be the [=relative high resolution time=] based on |timestamp| and
|relevantGlobal|.
If |sample| is null, abort these steps.
</li>
<li>
Let |state| be an [=adjusted pressure state=] calculated from
|source| and |sample|'s [=pressure source sample/data=].
<aside class="note">
<p>
The mapping between |sample|'s [=pressure source sample/data=]
and [=pressure states=] is [=implementation-defined=] and may use
many different metrics. For instance, for CPU, it might consider
processor frequency and utilization, as well as thermal
conditions.
</p>
</aside>
</li>
<li>
[=Assert=]: |state| is not null.
</li>
<li>
Let |rawTimestamp| be |sample|'s [=pressure source
sample/timestamp=].
</li>
<li>
Let |timeValue| be the [=relative high resolution time=] based on
|rawTimestamp| and |relevantGlobal|.
</li>
<li>
[=list/For each=] |observer:PressureObserver| in |relevantGlobal|'s
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1313,7 +1473,12 @@ <h3>Handling change of [=Document/fully active=] status</h3>
[=registered observer list=] [=ordered map=]:
<ol>
<li>
Deactivate [=data delivery=] of |source| to |relevantGlobal|.
Invoke [=deactivate data collection=] with |source| and
|relevantGlobal|.
</li>
<li>
[=map/Remove=] |relevantGlobal|'s [=platform collector
mapping=][|source|].
</li>
</ol>
</li>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1358,7 +1523,12 @@ <h3>Handling changes to worker status</h3>
[=registered observer list=] [=ordered map=]:
<ol>
<li>
Deactivate [=data delivery=] of |source| to |relevantGlobal|.
Invoke [=deactivate data collection=] with |source| and
|relevantGlobal|.
</li>
<li>
[=map/Remove=] |relevantGlobal|'s [=platform collector
mapping=][|source|].
</li>
</ol>
</li>
Expand Down

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