Fix misc callable bugs

[kkmuffme]

Sorry, this is a quite comprehensive PR, I couldn't break it up though, as earlier commits caused me to fix issues in later commits (which sent me down a rabbit hole...)

• Fix array_filter doesn't accept callback returning non-scalar #9068 + array_filter callback type for keys
• Fix array_filter return type provider wrong when 2nd param is literal string variable #8919
• Fix array_filter return type on mixed param #10371
• Fix param providers for native methods not working
• Fix array_filter params callable incorrect required params depending on the 3rd argument value (at this commit psalm doesn't report an error, due to Optional callable parameters are not enforced #8438, which gets fixed by this PR later on though)
• Fix array_multisort and InvalidPassByReference #3047 and further improve types for array_multisort and add errors for invalid params
• Fix SimpleTypeInferer failing on bitwise operations with constants
• Fix https://psalm.dev/r/7f112fd745 - MethodComparator only reported an error for this if the parent class was user defined (= not in stubs), which is wrong, since this will cause a fatal error when running the code
• Fix ReturnTypeWillChange false positive https://psalm.dev/r/91c6992bf1 with missing return type signature
• Fix that files passed via CLI but are not in projectFiles reported only a limited, random selection of errors instead of all - treat all files passed as CLI args as if they were in projectFiles
• Fix for classes what use cache for declared function when available before falling back to stubs #8503 fixed for functions (as some issues didn't report for other reasons, which were solved since then)
• Fix Invalid array callable wont get detected #6085
• Fix optional args not enforced in callable (fix for non-closure/arrow functions of Optional callable parameters are not enforced #8438)
• Fix array callables not treated as callable https://psalm.dev/r/23f3787207 (this is needed to fix the optional args enforcement for array callables too)
• Fix potential cache race conditions/cache not deleted with non-lowercase file paths and add missing docs

The MethodComparator change caused tons of failing tests/shepherd errors, because psalm just ignored those for itself until now, e.g. suppressedIssues should be list, but some extending classes used array<int, string>,...

[kkmuffme]

@orklah finally ready to review and merge (after learning about some quirks about the CI/tests...)

Just as an fyi:
changing 92bcc5c#diff-8d07f6a86af4900069be3c80774a29e2e7e2ffaffe434c781ba95de859cf874dR1313-R1314 to a continue; would fix #10387 as it would report errors from the test file itself during CI automatically, since it's passed as CLI arg.
I didn't do this here, as the PR is already big and I don't have the time to fix tons of existing issues in the tests now too.

[orklah]

Thanks for the massive work!