apacheGH-43400: [C++] Ensure using bundled GoogleTest when we use bun…

…dled GoogleTest (apache#43465)

### Rationale for this change

If we use bundled GoogleTest and system other dependencies such as Boost, our include path options may be:

* `-isystem /opt/homebrew/include` (for Boost)
* `-isystem build_dir/_deps/googletest-src/googletest` (for bundled GoogleTest)
* `-isystem build_dir/_deps/googletest-src/googlemock` (for bundled GoogleTest)

With this order, GoogleTest headers in `/opt/homebrew/include/` are used with bundled GoogleTest. It may cause link errors.

### What changes are included in this PR?

This change introduces a new CMake target
`arrow::GTest::gtest_headers` that has include paths for bundled GoogleTest. And it's always used as the first link library of all test program. With this change, our include path options are:

* `-isystem build_dir/_deps/googletest-src/googletest` (for bundled GoogleTest)
* `-isystem build_dir/_deps/googletest-src/googlemock` (for bundled GoogleTest)
* `-isystem /opt/homebrew/include` (for Boost)

With this order, we can always use our bundled GoogleTest.

`arrow::GTest::gtest_headers` is defined only when we use bundled GoogleTest. So this doesn't change the system GoogleTest case.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes.
* GitHub Issue: apache#43400

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Jacob Wujciak-Jens <[email protected]>

cpp/cmake_modules/BuildUtils.cmake

@@ -721,6 +721,11 @@ function(ADD_TEST_CASE REL_TEST_NAME)
                                      "${EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH};$ENV{CONDA_PREFIX}/lib")
   endif()
 
+  # Ensure using bundled GoogleTest when we use bundled GoogleTest.
+  # ARROW_GTEST_GTEST_HEADERS is defined only when we use bundled
+  # GoogleTest.
+  target_link_libraries(${TEST_NAME} PRIVATE ${ARROW_GTEST_GTEST_HEADERS})
+
   if(ARG_STATIC_LINK_LIBS)
     # Customize link libraries
     target_link_libraries(${TEST_NAME} PRIVATE ${ARG_STATIC_LINK_LIBS})

cpp/cmake_modules/ThirdpartyToolchain.cmake

@@ -2306,6 +2306,10 @@ function(build_gtest)
   install(DIRECTORY "${googletest_SOURCE_DIR}/googlemock/include/"
                     "${googletest_SOURCE_DIR}/googletest/include/"
           DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}")
+  add_library(arrow::GTest::gtest_headers INTERFACE IMPORTED)
+  target_include_directories(arrow::GTest::gtest_headers
+                             INTERFACE "${googletest_SOURCE_DIR}/googlemock/include/"
+                                       "${googletest_SOURCE_DIR}/googletest/include/")
   install(TARGETS gmock gmock_main gtest gtest_main
           EXPORT arrow_testing_targets
           RUNTIME DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}"
@@ -2350,12 +2354,14 @@ if(ARROW_TESTING)
 
       string(APPEND ARROW_TESTING_PC_LIBS " $<TARGET_FILE:GTest::gtest>")
     endif()
+    set(ARROW_GTEST_GTEST_HEADERS)
     set(ARROW_GTEST_GMOCK GTest::gmock)
     set(ARROW_GTEST_GTEST GTest::gtest)
     set(ARROW_GTEST_GTEST_MAIN GTest::gtest_main)
   else()
     string(APPEND ARROW_TESTING_PC_CFLAGS " -I\${includedir}/arrow-gtest")
     string(APPEND ARROW_TESTING_PC_LIBS " -larrow_gtest")
+    set(ARROW_GTEST_GTEST_HEADERS arrow::GTest::gtest_headers)
     set(ARROW_GTEST_GMOCK arrow::GTest::gmock)
     set(ARROW_GTEST_GTEST arrow::GTest::gtest)
     set(ARROW_GTEST_GTEST_MAIN arrow::GTest::gtest_main)

dev/tasks/java-jars/github.yml

@@ -138,11 +138,6 @@ jobs:
           # used on test  We uninstall Homebrew's Protobuf to ensure using
           # bundled Protobuf.
           brew uninstall protobuf
-          # We want to use the bundled googletest for static linking. Since
-          # both BUNDLED and brew options are enabled, it could cause a conflict
-          # when there is a version mismatch.
-          # We uninstall googletest to ensure using the bundled googletest.
-          brew uninstall googletest
 
           brew bundle --file=arrow/java/Brewfile
       - name: Build C++ libraries