Parse newline, UTF-8, trailing comment, backslash

This adds support for:

* multiline values (i.e. containing newlines or escaped \n), fixes #89
* backslashes in values, fixes #112
* trailing comments, fixes #141
* UTF-8 in unquoted values, fixes #147

Parsing is no longer line-based.  That's why `parse_line` was replaced
by `parse_binding`.  Thanks to the previous commit, users of
`parse_stream` don't have to deal with this change.

This supersedes a previous pull-request, #142, which would add support for
multiline values in `Dotenv.parse` but not in the CLI (`dotenv get` and `dotenv
set`).

The key-value binding regular expression was inspired by
https://github.com/bkeepers/dotenv/blob/d749366b6009126b115fb7b63e0509566365859a/lib/dotenv/parser.rb#L14-L30

Parsing of escapes was fixed thanks to
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4020539/process-escape-sequences-in-a-string-in-python/24519338#24519338

dotenv/main.py

@@ -15,44 +15,78 @@
 
 from .compat import StringIO, PY2, WIN, text_type
 
-__escape_decoder = codecs.getdecoder('unicode_escape')
 __posix_variable = re.compile(r'\$\{[^\}]*\}')
 
-Binding = namedtuple('Binding', 'key value original')
+_binding = re.compile(
+    r"""
+        (
+            \s*                     # leading whitespace
+            (?:export\s+)?          # export
+
+            ( '[^']+'               # single-quoted key
+            | [^=\#\s]+             # or unquoted key
+            )?
+
+            (?:
+                (?:\s*=\s*)         # equal sign
+
+                ( '(?:\\'|[^'])*'   # single-quoted value
+                | "(?:\\"|[^"])*"   # or double-quoted value
+                | [^\#\r\n]*        # or unquoted value
+                )
+            )?
 
+            \s*                     # trailing whitespace
+            (?:\#[^\r\n]*)?         # comment
+            \s*                     # trailing whitespace
+            (?:\r|\n|\r\n)?         # newline
+        )
+    """,
+    re.MULTILINE | re.VERBOSE,
+)
 
-def decode_escaped(escaped):
-    return __escape_decoder(escaped)[0]
+_escape_sequence = re.compile(r"\\[\\'\"abfnrtv]")
 
 
-def parse_line(line):
-    line = line.strip()
+Binding = namedtuple('Binding', 'key value original')
+
 
-    # Ignore lines with `#` or which doesn't have `=` in it.
-    if not line or line.startswith('#') or '=' not in line:
-        return None, None
+def decode_escapes(string):
+    def decode_match(match):
+        return codecs.decode(match.group(0), 'unicode-escape')
 
-    k, v = line.split('=', 1)
+    return _escape_sequence.sub(decode_match, string)
 
-    if k.startswith('export '):
-        (_, _, k) = k.partition('export ')
 
-    # Remove any leading and trailing spaces in key, value
-    k, v = k.strip(), v.strip()
+def is_surrounded_by(string, char):
+    return (
+        len(string) > 1
+        and string[0] == string[-1] == char
+    )
 
-    if v:
-        v = v.encode('unicode-escape').decode('ascii')
-        quoted = v[0] == v[-1] in ['"', "'"]
-        if quoted:
-            v = decode_escaped(v[1:-1])
 
-    return k, v
+def parse_binding(string, position):
+    match = _binding.match(string, position)
+    (matched, key, value) = match.groups()
+    if key is None or value is None:
+        key = None
+        value = None
+    else:
+        value_quoted = is_surrounded_by(value, "'") or is_surrounded_by(value, '"')
+        if value_quoted:
+            value = decode_escapes(value[1:-1])
+        else:
+            value = value.strip()
+    return (Binding(key=key, value=value, original=matched), match.end())
 
 
 def parse_stream(stream):
-    for line in stream:
-        (key, value) = parse_line(line)
-        yield Binding(key=key, value=value, original=line)
+    string = stream.read()
+    position = 0
+    length = len(string)
+    while position < length:
+        (binding, position) = parse_binding(string, position)
+        yield binding
 
 
 class DotEnv():

tests/test_cli.py

@@ -39,6 +39,11 @@ def test_set_key(dotenv_file):
     with open(dotenv_file, 'r') as fp:
         assert 'HELLO="WORLD 2"\nfoo="bar"' == fp.read().strip()
 
+    success, key_to_set, value_to_set = dotenv.set_key(dotenv_file, "HELLO", "WORLD\n3")
+
+    with open(dotenv_file, "r") as fp:
+        assert 'HELLO="WORLD\n3"\nfoo="bar"' == fp.read().strip()
+
 
 def test_set_key_permission_error(dotenv_file):
     os.chmod(dotenv_file, 0o000)
@@ -71,6 +76,13 @@ def test_list_wo_file(cli):
     assert 'Invalid value for "-f"' in result.output
 
 
+def test_empty_value():
+    with open(dotenv_path, "w") as f:
+        f.write("TEST=")
+    assert dotenv.get_key(dotenv_path, "TEST") == ""
+    sh.rm(dotenv_path)
+
+
 def test_key_value_without_quotes():
     with open(dotenv_path, 'w') as f:
         f.write("TEST = value \n")
@@ -107,6 +119,25 @@ def test_value_with_special_characters():
     sh.rm(dotenv_path)
 
 
+def test_value_with_new_lines():
+    with open(dotenv_path, 'w') as f:
+        f.write('TEST="a\nb"')
+    assert dotenv.get_key(dotenv_path, 'TEST') == "a\nb"
+    sh.rm(dotenv_path)
+
+    with open(dotenv_path, 'w') as f:
+        f.write("TEST='a\nb'")
+    assert dotenv.get_key(dotenv_path, 'TEST') == "a\nb"
+    sh.rm(dotenv_path)
+
+
+def test_value_after_comment():
+    with open(dotenv_path, "w") as f:
+        f.write("# comment\nTEST=a")
+    assert dotenv.get_key(dotenv_path, "TEST") == "a"
+    sh.rm(dotenv_path)
+
+
 def test_unset_ok(dotenv_file):
     with open(dotenv_file, "w") as f:
         f.write("a=b\nc=d")

tests/test_core.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 import sh
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv, find_dotenv, set_key, dotenv_values
-from dotenv.main import Binding, parse_line, parse_stream
+from dotenv.main import Binding, parse_stream
 from dotenv.compat import StringIO
 from IPython.terminal.embed import InteractiveShellEmbed
 
@@ -24,34 +24,67 @@ def restore_os_environ():
         os.environ.update(environ)
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("test_input,expected", [
-    ("a=b", ("a", "b")),
-    (" a = b ", ("a", "b")),
-    ("export a=b", ("a", "b")),
-    (" export 'a'=b", ("'a'", "b")),
-    (" export 'a'=b", ("'a'", "b")),
-    ("# a=b", (None, None)),
-    ("# a=b", (None, None)),
-    ("a=b space ", ('a', 'b space')),
-    ("a='b space '", ('a', 'b space ')),
-    ('a="b space "', ('a', 'b space ')),
-    ("export export_spam=1", ("export_spam", "1")),
-    ("export port=8000", ("port", "8000")),
-])
-def test_parse_line(test_input, expected):
-    assert parse_line(test_input) == expected
-
-
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_input,expected", [
     ("", []),
     ("a=b", [Binding(key="a", value="b", original="a=b")]),
+    ("'a'=b", [Binding(key="'a'", value="b", original="'a'=b")]),
+    ("[=b", [Binding(key="[", value="b", original="[=b")]),
+    (" a = b ", [Binding(key="a", value="b", original=" a = b ")]),
+    ("export a=b", [Binding(key="a", value="b", original="export a=b")]),
+    (" export 'a'=b", [Binding(key="'a'", value="b", original=" export 'a'=b")]),
+    (" export 'a'=b", [Binding(key="'a'", value="b", original=" export 'a'=b")]),
+    ("# a=b", [Binding(key=None, value=None, original="# a=b")]),
+    ('a=b # comment', [Binding(key="a", value="b", original="a=b # comment")]),
+    ("a=b space ", [Binding(key="a", value="b space", original="a=b space ")]),
+    ("a='b space '", [Binding(key="a", value="b space ", original="a='b space '")]),
+    ('a="b space "', [Binding(key="a", value="b space ", original='a="b space "')]),
+    ("export export_a=1", [Binding(key="export_a", value="1", original="export export_a=1")]),
+    ("export port=8000", [Binding(key="port", value="8000", original="export port=8000")]),
+    ('a="b\nc"', [Binding(key="a", value="b\nc", original='a="b\nc"')]),
+    ("a='b\nc'", [Binding(key="a", value="b\nc", original="a='b\nc'")]),
+    ('a="b\nc"', [Binding(key="a", value="b\nc", original='a="b\nc"')]),
+    ('a="b\\nc"', [Binding(key="a", value='b\nc', original='a="b\\nc"')]),
+    ('a="b\\"c"', [Binding(key="a", value='b"c', original='a="b\\"c"')]),
+    ("a='b\\'c'", [Binding(key="a", value="b'c", original="a='b\\'c'")]),
+    ("a=à", [Binding(key="a", value="à", original="a=à")]),
+    ('a="à"', [Binding(key="a", value="à", original='a="à"')]),
+    ('garbage', [Binding(key=None, value=None, original="garbage")]),
     (
         "a=b\nc=d",
         [
             Binding(key="a", value="b", original="a=b\n"),
             Binding(key="c", value="d", original="c=d"),
         ],
     ),
+    (
+        "a=b\r\nc=d",
+        [
+            Binding(key="a", value="b", original="a=b\r\n"),
+            Binding(key="c", value="d", original="c=d"),
+        ],
+    ),
+    (
+        'a="\nb=c',
+        [
+            Binding(key="a", value='"', original='a="\n'),
+            Binding(key="b", value='c', original="b=c"),
+        ]
+    ),
+    (
+        '# comment\na="b\nc"\nd=e\n',
+        [
+            Binding(key=None, value=None, original="# comment\n"),
+            Binding(key="a", value="b\nc", original='a="b\nc"\n'),
+            Binding(key="d", value="e", original="d=e\n"),
+        ],
+    ),
+    (
+        'garbage[%$#\na=b',
+        [
+            Binding(key=None, value=None, original="garbage[%$#\n"),
+            Binding(key="a", value="b", original='a=b'),
+        ],
+    ),
 ])
 def test_parse_stream(test_input, expected):
     result = parse_stream(StringIO(test_input))