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pks-quickstart

Prerequisites

  • A registered top-level domain (e.g. pivotaledu.io)
  • An appropriately configured subdomain (e.g. cls66env99) to represent this instance
  • A GCP account (credit card identification is required for account registration)
  • A pristine GCP project
  • A PivNet account

Creating a jumpbox on GCP

New GCP users may need to activate Cloud Shell

From within your pristine GCP project, open the Cloud Shell.

gcp_cli_launch

From your Cloud Shell session, execute the following gcloud command to create your jumpbox.

gcloud compute instances create "jbox-pcf" \
  --image-project "ubuntu-os-cloud" \
  --image-family "ubuntu-1804-lts" \
  --boot-disk-size "200" \
  --machine-type=f1-micro \
  --tags="jbox-pcf" \
  --zone us-central1-a

SSH to your new jumpbox

gcloud compute ssh ubuntu@jbox-pcf --zone us-central1-a

If you would prefer to use the Google Cloud SDK from your local machine, remember to first authenticate with gcloud auth login and add the --project <TARGET_PROJECT_ID> argument to the commands shown above.

Initialize the gcloud CLI on the jumpbox:

From your jumpbox SSH session, authenticate the SDK with your GCP account

gcloud auth login

Follow the on-screen prompts. We will need to copy-paste the URL from our gcloud CLI jumpbox session into a local browser in order to select the account you have registered for use with Google Cloud. Additionally, you'll need copy-paste the verification code back into your jumpbox session to complete the login sequence.

Enable the GCP services APIs in current project

gcloud services enable compute.googleapis.com --async
gcloud services enable iam.googleapis.com --async
gcloud services enable cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com --async
gcloud services enable dns.googleapis.com --async
gcloud services enable sqladmin.googleapis.com --async

Prepare your toolbox

Install tools:

sudo apt update --yes && \
sudo apt install --yes unzip && \
sudo apt install --yes jq && \
sudo apt install --yes build-essential && \
sudo apt install --yes ruby-dev && \
sudo gem install --no-ri --no-rdoc cf-uaac
TF_VERSION=0.11.11
wget -O terraform.zip https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform/${TF_VERSION}/terraform_${TF_VERSION}_linux_amd64.zip && \
  unzip terraform.zip && \
  sudo mv terraform /usr/local/bin

OM_VERSION=0.46.0
wget -O om https://github.com/pivotal-cf/om/releases/download/${OM_VERSION}/om-linux && \
  chmod +x om && \
  sudo mv om /usr/local/bin/

PN_VERSION=0.0.55
wget -O pivnet https://github.com/pivotal-cf/pivnet-cli/releases/download/v${PN_VERSION}/pivnet-linux-amd64-${PN_VERSION} && \
  chmod +x pivnet && \
  sudo mv pivnet /usr/local/bin/

BOSH_VERSION=5.4.0
wget -O bosh https://s3.amazonaws.com/bosh-cli-artifacts/bosh-cli-${BOSH_VERSION}-linux-amd64 && \
  chmod +x bosh && \
  sudo mv bosh /usr/local/bin/

Verify that these tools were installed:

type unzip; type jq; type uaac; type terraform; type om; type pivnet; type bosh

Fetch and configure the platform automation scripts

Clone the platform automation scripts and change into the directory of our cloned repo to keep our task script commands short

git clone https://github.com/amcginlay/ops-manager-automation.git ~/ops-manager-automation
cd ~/ops-manager-automation

Create a ~/.env configuration file to describe the specifics of your environment.

./scripts/create-env.sh

Note you should not proceed until you have customized the "CHANGE_ME" settings in your ~/.env file to suit your target environment.

Register the configuration file

Now that we have the ~/.env file loaded with the essential variables, we need to ensure that these get set into the shell, both now and every subsequent time the ubuntu user connects to the jumpbox.

source ~/.env
echo "source ~/.env" >> ~/.bashrc

To review your currently active variable settings:

set | grep PCF

Create a GCP service account for terraform in current project

gcloud iam service-accounts create terraform --display-name terraform

gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding $(gcloud config get-value core/project) \
  --member "serviceAccount:terraform@$(gcloud config get-value core/project).iam.gserviceaccount.com" \
  --role 'roles/owner'

# generate and download a key for the service account
gcloud iam service-accounts keys create 'gcp_credentials.json' \
  --iam-account "terraform@$(gcloud config get-value core/project).iam.gserviceaccount.com"

Download an Ops Manager image identifier from Pivotal Network

OPSMAN_VERSION=2.4.1

PRODUCT_NAME="Pivotal Cloud Foundry Operations Manager" \
DOWNLOAD_REGEX="Pivotal Cloud Foundry Ops Manager YAML for GCP" \
PRODUCT_VERSION=${OPSMAN_VERSION} \
  ./scripts/download-product.sh

OPSMAN_IMAGE=$(bosh interpolate ./downloads/ops-manager_${OPSMAN_VERSION}_*/OpsManager*onGCP.yml --path /us)

Check the value of OPSMAN_IMAGE before continuing.

Download and unzip the Terraform scripts from Pivotal Network

The Terraform scripts which deploy the Ops Manager are also responsible for building the IaaS plumbing to support the PAS. That is why we turn our attention to the PAS product in PivNet when sourcing the Terraform scripts.

Please note:

  • Ops Manager and PAS versions are often in-sync but this is not enforced.
  • These Terraform scripts can support the infrastructure for PAS or PKS.
PAS_VERSION=2.4.1

PRODUCT_NAME="Pivotal Application Service (formerly Elastic Runtime)" \
DOWNLOAD_REGEX="GCP Terraform Templates" \
PRODUCT_VERSION=${PAS_VERSION} \
  ./scripts/download-product.sh
    
unzip ./downloads/elastic-runtime_${PAS_VERSION}_*/terraforming-gcp-*.zip -d .

Generate a wildcard SAN certificate

./scripts/mk-ssl-cert-key.sh

Create the terraform.tfvars file

cd ~/ops-manager-automation/pivotal-cf-terraforming-gcp-*/terraforming-pks/

cat > terraform.tfvars << EOF
env_name            = "${PCF_SUBDOMAIN_NAME}"
project             = "$(gcloud config get-value core/project)"
region              = "${PCF_REGION}"
zones               = ["${PCF_AZ_2}", "${PCF_AZ_1}", "${PCF_AZ_3}"]
dns_suffix          = "${PCF_DOMAIN_NAME}"
opsman_image_url    = "https://storage.googleapis.com/${OPSMAN_IMAGE}"
create_gcs_buckets  = "false"
external_database   = 0
isolation_segment   = "false"
ssl_cert            = <<SSL_CERT
$(cat ../../${PCF_SUBDOMAIN_NAME}.${PCF_DOMAIN_NAME}.crt)
SSL_CERT
ssl_private_key     = <<SSL_KEY
cd$(cat ../../${PCF_SUBDOMAIN_NAME}.${PCF_DOMAIN_NAME}.key)
SSL_KEY
service_account_key = <<SERVICE_ACCOUNT_KEY
$(cat ../../gcp_credentials.json)
SERVICE_ACCOUNT_KEY
EOF

Apply the PKS terraform declarions to deploy your Ops Manager VM

terraform init
terraform apply --auto-approve

This will take about 5 minutes to complete but you should allow some extra time for the DNS updates to propagate.

Once dig can resolve the Ops Manager FQDN to an IP address within its AUTHORITY SECTION, we're probably good to move on. This may take about 5 minutes from your local machine.

watch dig ${PCF_OPSMAN_FQDN}

Probe the resolved FQDN to make sure we get a response. The response will probably just be a warning about an SSL certificate problem, which is OK.

curl ${PCF_OPSMAN_FQDN}

Successful DNS resolution is fully dependent on having a ${PCF_SUBDOMAIN_NAME}.${PCF_DOMAIN_NAME} NS record-set attached to your registered domain. This record-set must point to every google domain server, for example:

(screenshot from AWS Route 53)

route_53_ns

Use automation tools to deploy PKS

As you execute the following steps, watch out for possible PivNet EULA acceptance warnings which show in red. The output will present links which you should follow in a browser before you can retry.

cd ~/ops-manager-automation

./scripts/configure-authentication.sh

IMPORTED_VERSION=2.4.1 TARGET_PLATFORM=pks ./scripts/configure-director-gcp.sh

PRODUCT_NAME="Stemcells for PCF (Ubuntu Xenial)" \
PRODUCT_VERSION="97.52" \
DOWNLOAD_REGEX="Google" \
  ./scripts/import-product.sh

PRODUCT_NAME="Pivotal Container Service (PKS)" \
PRODUCT_VERSION="1.2.6" \
DOWNLOAD_REGEX="Pivotal Container Service" \
  ./scripts/import-product.sh

IMPORTED_NAME="pivotal-container-service" IMPORTED_VERSION="1.2.6-build.2" ./scripts/stage-product.sh
IMPORTED_NAME="pivotal-container-service" IMPORTED_VERSION="1.2.6-build.2" ./scripts/configure-product.sh

./scripts/apply-changes.sh

Find the UAA admin password for PKS

Extract the PKS admin password using om credentials

PCF_PKS_UAA_ADMIN_PASSWORD=$(om credentials \
 -p pivotal-container-service \
 -c '.properties.uaa_admin_password' \
 -f secret)
)

Connect to PKS

Install pks and kubectl cli tools:

pivnet download-product-files -p "pivotal-container-service" -r "1.2.6" -g "pks-linux*" && \
  chmod +x pks-linux* && \
  sudo mv pks-linux* /usr/local/bin/pks

pivnet download-product-files -p "pivotal-container-service" -r "1.2.6" -g "kubectl-linux*" && \
  chmod +x kubectl-linux* && \
  sudo mv kubectl-linux* /usr/local/bin/kubectl

Login to PKS:

pks login \
  --api api.${PCF_PKS} \
  --username admin \
  --password ${PCF_PKS_UAA_ADMIN_PASSWORD} \
  --skip-ssl-validation

Use the PKS client to create your Kubernetes cluster

Increase the value of --num-nodes to 3 if you'd like to use multiple availability zones:

pks create-cluster k8s \
  --external-hostname k8s.${PCF_PKS} \
  --plan small  \
  --num-nodes 1 \
  --wait

Discover the external IP of the master node

K8S_MASTER_INTERNAL_IP=$( \
  pks cluster k8s --json | 
    jq --raw-output '.kubernetes_master_ips[0]' \
)

K8S_MASTER_EXTERNAL_IP=$( \
  gcloud compute instances list --format json | \
    jq --raw-output --arg V "${K8S_MASTER_INTERNAL_IP}" \
    '.[] | select(.networkInterfaces[].networkIP | match ($V)) | .networkInterfaces[].accessConfigs[].natIP' \
)

Create an A Record in the DNS for your Kubernetes cluster

gcloud dns record-sets transaction start --zone=${PCF_SUBDOMAIN_NAME}-zone

  gcloud dns record-sets transaction \
    add ${K8S_MASTER_EXTERNAL_IP} \
    --name=k8s.${PCF_PKS}. \
    --ttl=300 --type=A --zone=${PCF_SUBDOMAIN_NAME}-zone

gcloud dns record-sets transaction execute --zone=${PCF_SUBDOMAIN_NAME}-zone

Verify the DNS changes

This step may take about 5 minutes to propagate.

When run locally, the following watch commands should eventually yield different external IP addresses

watch dig api.${PCF_PKS}
watch dig k8s.${PCF_PKS}

Use the PKS client to cache the cluster creds

pks get-credentials k8s

This will create/modify the ~/.kube directory used by the kubectl tool.

Deploy the nginx webserver docker image

kubectl create -f - << EOF
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: webserver
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:alpine
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
EOF

Make our app externally discoverable

Let our cluster know that we wish to expose our app via a NodePort service:

kubectl create -f - << EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: web-service
  labels:
    run: web-service
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 80
    protocol: TCP
  selector:
    app: nginx
EOF

Inspect our app

kubectl get deployments
kubectl get replicasets
kubectl get pods
kubectl get services

Return to the Kubernetes dashboard to inspect these resources via the web UI.

Expose our app to the outside world

This section is more about manipulating GCP to expose an endpoint than PKS or k8s.

  1. Extract the port from the your Kubernetes Service:

    SERVICE_PORT=$(kubectl get services --output=json | \
  jq '.items[] | select(.metadata.name=="web-service") | .spec.ports[0].nodePort')

  2. Add a firewall rule for the web-service port, re-using the SERVICE_PORT for consistency:

    gcloud compute firewall-rules create nginx \
  --network=${PCF_SUBDOMAIN_NAME}-pcf-network \
  --action=ALLOW \
  --rules=tcp:${SERVICE_PORT} \
  --target-tags=worker

  3. Add a target pool to represent all the worker nodes:

    gcloud compute target-pools create "nginx" \
  --region "us-central1"
  
WORKERS=$(gcloud compute instances list --filter="tags.items:worker"    --format="value(name)")

for WORKER in ${WORKERS}; do
  gcloud compute target-pools add-instances "nginx" \
    --instances-zone "us-central1-a" \
    --instances "${WORKER}"
done

  4. Create a forwarding rule to expose our app:

    gcloud compute forwarding-rules create nginx \
  --region=us-central1 \
  --network-tier=STANDARD \
  --ip-protocol=TCP \
  --ports=${SERVICE_PORT} \
  --target-pool=nginx

  5. Extract the external IP address:

    LOAD_BALANCER_IP=$(gcloud compute forwarding-rules list \
  --filter="name:nginx" \
  --format="value(IPAddress)" \
)

Verify accessibility

Navigate to the page resolved by executing:

echo http://${LOAD_BALANCER_IP}:${SERVICE_PORT}

The Kubernetes Dashboard (local machine only)

To run these commands you will need to install and configure the pks and kubctl cli tools locally.

Keep your jumpbox session open for quick access to the required variable values, then repeat the following steps:

  • Find the UAA admin password for PKS
  • Connect to PKS (install CLI tools as per machine specific requirements)
  • Use the PKS client to cache the cluster creds

Note the following command line instructions assume Bash shell and will likely need adjusting to suit Windows users.

Allow remote access to the Kubernetes dashboard

kubectl create -f - << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
EOF

Copy the hidden .kube/config file

So it's easy to find later

cp ~/.kube/config ~/kubeconfig

Open a tunnel from localhost to your cluster

kubectl proxy &

Inspect the Kubernetes dashboard

Navigate to http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy

Select the ~/kubeconfig file if/when prompted to do so.

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