feature #5913 [3.0][Book] Use the 3.0 directory structure (WouterJ)

This PR was merged into the master branch.

Discussion
----------

[3.0][Book] Use the 3.0 directory structure

| Q | A
| --- | ---
| Doc fix? | yes
| New docs? | yes
| Applies to | 3.0+
| Fixed tickets | part of #5898

Commits
-------

25ae8c1 Applied suggestions
ed43015 Prefix commands with 'php'
0d69414 Updating 'Exploring the Project'
6b5c977 app/bootstrap.php.cache -> var/bootstrap.php.cache
3318f2e app/(cache|logs) -> var/(cache|logs)
1461bdc app/phpunit.xml.dist -> phpunit.xml.dist
8794a4d app/console -> bin/console

book/bundles.rst

@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ Now that you've created the bundle, enable it via the ``AppKernel`` class::
     {
         $bundles = array(
             // ...
+
             // register your bundle
             new Acme\TestBundle\AcmeTestBundle(),
         );
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ generating a basic bundle skeleton:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    $ php app/console generate:bundle --namespace=Acme/TestBundle
+    $ php bin/console generate:bundle --namespace=Acme/TestBundle
 
 The bundle skeleton generates a basic controller, template and routing
 resource that can be customized. You'll learn more about Symfony's command-line

book/configuration.rst

@@ -122,13 +122,13 @@ FrameworkBundle configuration:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    $ app/console config:dump-reference FrameworkBundle
+    $ php bin/console config:dump-reference FrameworkBundle
 
 The extension alias (configuration key) can also be used:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    $ app/console config:dump-reference framework
+    $ php bin/console config:dump-reference framework
 
 .. note::
 
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ cached files and allow them to rebuild:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    $ php app/console cache:clear --env=prod --no-debug
+    $ php bin/console cache:clear --env=prod --no-debug
 
 .. note::
 

book/controller.rst

@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ console command:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    $ php app/console debug:container
+    $ php bin/console debug:container
 
 .. versionadded:: 2.6
     Prior to Symfony 2.6, this command was called ``container:debug``.

book/doctrine.rst

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ for you:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    $ php app/console doctrine:database:create
+    $ php bin/console doctrine:database:create
 
 .. sidebar:: Setting up the Database to be UTF8
 
@@ -128,8 +128,8 @@ for you:
 
     .. code-block:: bash
 
-        $ php app/console doctrine:database:drop --force
-        $ php app/console doctrine:database:create
+        $ php bin/console doctrine:database:drop --force
+        $ php bin/console doctrine:database:create
 
     There's no way to configure these defaults inside Doctrine, as it tries to be
     as agnostic as possible in terms of environment configuration. One way to solve
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ just a simple PHP class.
 
     .. code-block:: bash
 
-        $ php app/console doctrine:generate:entity
+        $ php bin/console doctrine:generate:entity
 
 .. index::
     single: Doctrine; Adding mapping metadata
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ a regular PHP class, you need to create getter and setter methods (e.g. ``getNam
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    $ php app/console doctrine:generate:entities AppBundle/Entity/Product
+    $ php bin/console doctrine:generate:entities AppBundle/Entity/Product
 
 This command makes sure that all the getters and setters are generated
 for the ``Product`` class. This is a safe command - you can run it over and
@@ -434,10 +434,10 @@ mapping information) of a bundle or an entire namespace:
 .. code-block:: bash
 
     # generates all entities in the AppBundle
-    $ php app/console doctrine:generate:entities AppBundle
+    $ php bin/console doctrine:generate:entities AppBundle
 
     # generates all entities of bundles in the Acme namespace
-    $ php app/console doctrine:generate:entities Acme
+    $ php bin/console doctrine:generate:entities Acme
 
 .. note::
 
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ in your application. To do this, run:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    $ php app/console doctrine:schema:update --force
+    $ php bin/console doctrine:schema:update --force
 
 .. tip::
 
@@ -852,7 +852,7 @@ used earlier to generate the missing getter and setter methods:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    $ php app/console doctrine:generate:entities AppBundle
+    $ php bin/console doctrine:generate:entities AppBundle
 
 Next, add a new method - ``findAllOrderedByName()`` - to the newly generated
 repository class. This method will query for all the ``Product`` entities,
@@ -906,7 +906,7 @@ you can let Doctrine create the class for you.
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    $ php app/console doctrine:generate:entity --no-interaction \
+    $ php bin/console doctrine:generate:entity --no-interaction \
         --entity="AppBundle:Category" \
         --fields="name:string(255)"
 
@@ -1063,7 +1063,7 @@ methods for you:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    $ php app/console doctrine:generate:entities AppBundle
+    $ php bin/console doctrine:generate:entities AppBundle
 
 Ignore the Doctrine metadata for a moment. You now have two classes - ``Category``
 and ``Product`` with a natural one-to-many relationship. The ``Category``
@@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@ table, and ``product.category_id`` column, and new foreign key:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    $ php app/console doctrine:schema:update --force
+    $ php bin/console doctrine:schema:update --force
 
 .. note::
 

book/http_cache.rst

@@ -145,12 +145,9 @@ To enable caching, modify the code of a front controller to use the caching
 kernel::
 
     // web/app.php
-    require_once __DIR__.'/../app/bootstrap.php.cache';
-    require_once __DIR__.'/../app/AppKernel.php';
-    require_once __DIR__.'/../app/AppCache.php';
-
     use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
 
+    // ...
     $kernel = new AppKernel('prod', false);
     $kernel->loadClassCache();
     // wrap the default AppKernel with the AppCache one

book/installation.rst

@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ browsing the project directory and executing this command:
 .. code-block:: bash
 
     $ cd my_project_name/
-    $ php app/console server:run
+    $ php bin/console server:run
 
 Then, open your browser and access the ``http://localhost:8000/`` URL to see the
 Welcome Page of Symfony:
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ server with the ``server:stop`` command:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    $ php app/console server:stop
+    $ php bin/console server:stop
 
 Checking Symfony Application Configuration and Setup
 ----------------------------------------------------
@@ -216,8 +216,8 @@ If there are any issues, correct them now before moving on.
 
 .. sidebar:: Setting up Permissions
 
-    One common issue when installing Symfony is that the ``app/cache`` and
-    ``app/logs`` directories must be writable both by the web server and the
+    One common issue when installing Symfony is that the ``var/cache`` and
+    ``var/logs`` directories must be writable both by the web server and the
     command line user. On a UNIX system, if your web server user is different
     from your command line user, you can try one of the following solutions.
 
@@ -238,12 +238,12 @@ If there are any issues, correct them now before moving on.
 
     .. code-block:: bash
 
-        $ rm -rf app/cache/*
-        $ rm -rf app/logs/*
+        $ rm -rf var/cache/*
+        $ rm -rf var/logs/*
 
         $ HTTPDUSER=`ps axo user,comm | grep -E '[a]pache|[h]ttpd|[_]www|[w]ww-data|[n]ginx' | grep -v root | head -1 | cut -d\  -f1`
-        $ sudo chmod +a "$HTTPDUSER allow delete,write,append,file_inherit,directory_inherit" app/cache app/logs
-        $ sudo chmod +a "`whoami` allow delete,write,append,file_inherit,directory_inherit" app/cache app/logs
+        $ sudo chmod +a "$HTTPDUSER allow delete,write,append,file_inherit,directory_inherit" var/cache var/logs
+        $ sudo chmod +a "`whoami` allow delete,write,append,file_inherit,directory_inherit" var/cache var/logs
 
 
     **3. Using ACL on a system that does not support chmod +a**
@@ -257,8 +257,8 @@ If there are any issues, correct them now before moving on.
     .. code-block:: bash
 
         $ HTTPDUSER=`ps axo user,comm | grep -E '[a]pache|[h]ttpd|[_]www|[w]ww-data|[n]ginx' | grep -v root | head -1 | cut -d\  -f1`
-        $ sudo setfacl -R -m u:"$HTTPDUSER":rwX -m u:`whoami`:rwX app/cache app/logs
-        $ sudo setfacl -dR -m u:"$HTTPDUSER":rwX -m u:`whoami`:rwX app/cache app/logs
+        $ sudo setfacl -R -m u:"$HTTPDUSER":rwX -m u:`whoami`:rwX var/cache var/logs
+        $ sudo setfacl -dR -m u:"$HTTPDUSER":rwX -m u:`whoami`:rwX var/cache var/logs
 
     If this doesn't work, try adding ``-n`` option.
 
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ If there are any issues, correct them now before moving on.
     If none of the previous methods work for you, change the umask so that the
     cache and log directories will be group-writable or world-writable (depending
     if the web server user and the command line user are in the same group or not).
-    To achieve this, put the following line at the beginning of the ``app/console``,
+    To achieve this, put the following line at the beginning of the ``bin/console``,
     ``web/app.php`` and ``web/app_dev.php`` files::
 
         umask(0002); // This will let the permissions be 0775
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ several minutes to complete.
 
     .. code-block:: bash
 
-        $ php app/console security:check
+        $ php bin/console security:check
 
     A good security practice is to execute this command regularly to be able to
     update or replace compromised dependencies as soon as possible.
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ of the Symfony Installer anywhere in your system:
     c:\projects\> php symfony demo
 
 Once downloaded, enter into the ``symfony_demo/`` directory and run the PHP's
-built-in web server executing the ``php app/console server:run`` command. Access
+built-in web server executing the ``php bin/console server:run`` command. Access
 to the ``http://localhost:8000`` URL in your browser to start using the Symfony
 Demo application.
 

book/page_creation.rst

@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ Suppose you want to create a JSON endpoint that returns the lucky number.
 Just add a second method to ``LuckyController``::
 
     // src/AppBundle/Controller/LuckyController.php
-    // ...
 
+    // ...
     class LuckyController extends Controller
     {
         // ...
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ Try this out in your browser:
 You can even shorten this with the handy :class:`Symfony\\Component\\HttpFoundation\\JsonResponse`::
 
     // src/AppBundle/Controller/LuckyController.php
-    // ...
 
+    // ...
     // --> don't forget this new use statement
     use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\JsonResponse;
 
@@ -168,8 +168,8 @@ at the end:
     .. code-block:: php-annotations
 
         // src/AppBundle/Controller/LuckyController.php
-        // ...
 
+        // ...
         class LuckyController extends Controller
         {
             /**
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ at the end:
 
     .. code-block:: xml
 
-        <!-- src/Acme/DemoBundle/Resources/config/routing.xml -->
+        <!-- app/config/routing.xml -->
         <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
         <routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ at the end:
 
     .. code-block:: php
 
-        // src/Acme/DemoBundle/Resources/config/routing.php
+        // app/config/routing.php
         use Symfony\Component\Routing\RouteCollection;
         use Symfony\Component\Routing\Route;
 
@@ -274,8 +274,8 @@ to use Twig - or many other tools in Symfony - is to extend Symfony's base
 :class:`Symfony\\Bundle\\FrameworkBundle\\Controller\\Controller` class::
 
     // src/AppBundle/Controller/LuckyController.php
-    // ...
 
+    // ...
     // --> add this new use statement
     use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller;
 
@@ -296,8 +296,8 @@ Twig templates, another that can log messages and many more.
 To render a Twig template, use a service called ``templating``::
 
     // src/AppBundle/Controller/LuckyController.php
-    // ...
 
+    // ...
     class LuckyController extends Controller
     {
         /**
@@ -329,8 +329,8 @@ But this can get even easier! By extending the ``Controller`` class, you
 also get a lot of shortcut methods, like ``render()``::
 
     // src/AppBundle/Controller/LuckyController.php
-    // ...
 
+    // ...
     /**
      * @Route("/lucky/number/{count}")
      */
@@ -434,30 +434,41 @@ worked inside the two most important directories:
 else). As you get more advanced, you'll learn what can be done inside each
 of these.
 
-The ``app/`` directory also holds a few other things, like the cache directory
-``app/cache/``, the logs directory ``app/logs/`` and ``app/AppKernel.php``,
-which you'll use to enable new bundles (and one of a *very* short list of
+The ``app/`` directory also holds some other things, like ``app/AppKernel.php``,
+which you'll use to enable new bundles (this is one of a *very* short list of
 PHP files in ``app/``).
 
 The ``src/`` directory has just one directory - ``src/AppBundle`` -
 and everything lives inside of it. A bundle is like a "plugin" and you can
 `find open source bundles`_ and install them into your project. But even
-*your* code lives in a bundle - typically ``AppBundle`` (though there's
-nothing special about ``AppBundle``). To find out more about bundles and
+*your* code lives in a bundle - typically *AppBundle* (though there's
+nothing special about AppBundle). To find out more about bundles and
 why you might create multiple bundles (hint: sharing code between projects),
 see the :doc:`Bundles </book/bundles>` chapter.
 
 So what about the other directories in the project?
 
-``vendor/``
-    Vendor (i.e. third-party) libraries and bundles are downloaded here by
-    the `Composer`_ package manager.
-
 ``web/``
     This is the document root for the project and contains any publicly accessible
     files, like CSS, images and the Symfony front controllers that execute
     the app (``app_dev.php`` and ``app.php``).
 
+``tests/``
+    The automatic tests (e.g. Unit tests) of your application live here.
+
+``bin/``
+    The "binary" files live here. The most important one is the ``console``
+    file which is used to execute Symfony commands via the console.
+
+``var/``
+    This is where automatically created files are stored, like cache files
+    (``var/cache/``) and logs (``var/logs/``).
+
+``vendor/``
+    Third-party libraries, packages and bundles are downloaded here by
+    the `Composer`_ package manager. You should never edit something in this
+    directory.
+
 .. seealso::
 
     Symfony is flexible. If you need to, you can easily override the default
@@ -475,8 +486,8 @@ is ``app/config/config.yml``:
     .. code-block:: yaml
 
         # app/config/config.yml
-        # ...
 
+        # ...
         framework:
             secret: "%secret%"
             router:
@@ -544,11 +555,11 @@ by changing one option in this configuration file. To find out how, see the
 :doc:`Configuration Reference </reference/index>` section.
 
 Or, to get a big example dump of all of the valid configuration under a key,
-use the handy ``app/console`` command:
+use the handy ``bin/console`` command:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    $ app/console config:dump-reference framework
+    $ php bin/console config:dump-reference framework
 
 There's a lot more power behind Symfony's configuration system, including
 environments, imports and parameters. To learn all of it, see the