Shift a couple of stages from Jenkinsfile into Dockerfile #1234

Job	Run time
test-python (ubuntu-20.04, gcc-9, g++-9, 3.9)	1m 17s
test-python (ubuntu-22.04, gcc-12, g++-12, 3.12)	2m 13s
all-builds	9m 20s
test-python (ubuntu-20.04, clang-10, clang++-10, 3.12)	2m 26s
test-python (ubuntu-22.04, clang-14, clang++-14, 3.12)	2m 1s
coverage	4m 42s
test-python (macos-14, clang, clang++, 3.12)	2m 17s
lint	1m 13s
test-cxx (ubuntu-20.04, g++-9)	2m 5s
test-cxx (ubuntu-22.04, g++-12)	1m 5s
test-cxx (ubuntu-20.04, clang++-10)	2m 17s
test-cxx (ubuntu-22.04, clang++-14)	2m 20s
test-cxx (macos-14, clang++)	1m 51s
cibuildwheel-macos	0s
sdist	0s
cibuildwheel-linux	0s
combine	0s
	35m 7s

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