Fix universal check for inferred types

Checking against capturing the universal capability now works also for inferred types.
Also fix breakage from previous rebase

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/CheckCaptures.scala

@@ -408,17 +408,18 @@ class CheckCaptures extends Recheck, SymTransformer:
           tree.symbol.info
         case _ =>
           NoType
-      if typeToCheck.exists then
-        typeToCheck.widenDealias match
-          case wtp @ CapturingType(parent, refs, _) =>
-            refs.disallowRootCapability { () =>
-              val kind = if tree.isInstanceOf[ValDef] then "mutable variable" else "expression"
-              report.error(
-                em"""The $kind's type $wtp is not allowed to capture the root capability `*`.
-                    |This usually means that a capability persists longer than its allowed lifetime.""",
-                tree.srcPos)
-            }
-          case _ =>
+      def checkNotUniversal(tp: Type): Unit = tp.widenDealias match
+        case wtp @ CapturingType(parent, refs, _) =>
+          refs.disallowRootCapability { () =>
+            val kind = if tree.isInstanceOf[ValDef] then "mutable variable" else "expression"
+            report.error(
+              em"""The $kind's type $wtp is not allowed to capture the root capability `*`.
+                  |This usually means that a capability persists longer than its allowed lifetime.""",
+              tree.srcPos)
+          }
+          checkNotUniversal(parent)
+        case _ =>
+      checkNotUniversal(typeToCheck)
       super.recheckFinish(tpe, tree, pt)
 
     /** This method implements the rule outlined in #14390:

docs/_docs/reference/experimental/cc.md

@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ again on access, the capture information "pops out" again. For instance, even th
 () => p.fst : {ct} () -> {ct} Int -> String
 ```
 In other words, references to capabilities "tunnel through" in generic instantiations from creation to access; they do not affect the capture set of the enclosing generic data constructor applications.
-This principle may seem surprising at first, but it is the key to make capture checking concise and practical.
+This principle plays an important part in making capture checking concise and practical.
 
 ## Escape Checking
 
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ This error message was produced by the following logic:
 
  - The `f` parameter has type `{*} FileOutputStream`, which makes it a capability.
  - Therefore, the type of the expression `() => f.write(0)` is `{f} () -> Unit`.
- - This makes the whole type of the closure passed to `usingLogFile` the dependent function type
+ - This makes the type of the whole closure passed to `usingLogFile` the dependent function type
    `(f: {*} FileOutputStream) -> {f} () -> Unit`.
  - The expected type of the closure is a simple, parametric, impure function type `({*} FileOutputStream) => T`,
    for some instantiation of the type variable `T`.

tests/neg-custom-args/captures/usingLogFile.check

@@ -18,3 +18,18 @@
    |  ^^^^^^^^
    |  The expression's type {*} () -> Unit is not allowed to capture the root capability `*`.
    |  This usually means that a capability persists longer than its allowed lifetime.
+-- Error: tests/neg-custom-args/captures/usingLogFile.scala:47:27 ------------------------------------------------------
+47 |  val later = usingLogFile { f => () => f.write(0) } // error
+   |              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+   |              The expression's type {*} () -> Unit is not allowed to capture the root capability `*`.
+   |              This usually means that a capability persists longer than its allowed lifetime.
+-- Error: tests/neg-custom-args/captures/usingLogFile.scala:62:25 ------------------------------------------------------
+62 |    val later = usingFile("out", f => (y: Int) => xs.foreach(x => f.write(x + y))) // error
+   |                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+   |                The expression's type {*} (x$0: Int) -> Unit is not allowed to capture the root capability `*`.
+   |                This usually means that a capability persists longer than its allowed lifetime.
+-- Error: tests/neg-custom-args/captures/usingLogFile.scala:71:48 ------------------------------------------------------
+71 |    val later = usingFile("logfile", usingLogger(_, l => () => l.log("test"))) // error
+   |                                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+   |                         The expression's type {*} () -> Unit is not allowed to capture the root capability `*`.
+   |                         This usually means that a capability persists longer than its allowed lifetime.

tests/neg-custom-args/captures/usingLogFile.scala

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import java.io.FileOutputStream
+import java.io.*
 import annotation.capability
 
 object Test1:
@@ -36,3 +36,37 @@ object Test2:
   usingLogFile { f => later4 = Cell(() => f.write(0)) }
   later4.x() // error
 
+object Test3:
+
+  def usingLogFile[T](op: ({*} FileOutputStream) => T) =
+    val logFile = FileOutputStream("log")
+    val result = op(logFile)
+    logFile.close()
+    result
+
+  val later = usingLogFile { f => () => f.write(0) } // error
+
+object Test4:
+  class Logger(f: {*} OutputStream):
+    def log(msg: String): Unit = ???
+
+  def usingFile[T](name: String, op: ({*} OutputStream) => T): T =
+    val f = new FileOutputStream(name)
+    val result = op(f)
+    f.close()
+    result
+
+  val xs: List[Int] = ???
+  def good = usingFile("out", f => xs.foreach(x => f.write(x)))
+  def fail =
+    val later = usingFile("out", f => (y: Int) => xs.foreach(x => f.write(x + y))) // error
+    later(1)
+
+
+  def usingLogger[T](f: {*} OutputStream, op: ({f} Logger) => T): T =
+    val logger = Logger(f)
+    op(logger)
+
+  def test =
+    val later = usingFile("logfile", usingLogger(_, l => () => l.log("test"))) // error
+    later()

tests/semanticdb/metac.expect

@@ -2037,9 +2037,6 @@ Occurrences:
 [5:4..5:8): List -> scala/package.List.
 [5:9..5:10): x -> local0
 
-Synthetics:
-[5:4..5:8):List => *.apply[Int]
-
 expect/MatchType.scala
 ----------------------