Add never_patterns feature gate

compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs

@@ -646,6 +646,7 @@ impl Pat {
             // These patterns do not contain subpatterns, skip.
             PatKind::Wild
             | PatKind::Rest
+            | PatKind::Never
             | PatKind::Lit(_)
             | PatKind::Range(..)
             | PatKind::Ident(..)
@@ -796,6 +797,9 @@ pub enum PatKind {
     /// only one rest pattern may occur in the pattern sequences.
     Rest,
 
+    // A never pattern `!`
+    Never,
+
     /// Parentheses in patterns used for grouping (i.e., `(PAT)`).
     Paren(P<Pat>),
 

compiler/rustc_ast/src/mut_visit.rs

@@ -1242,7 +1242,7 @@ pub fn noop_visit_pat<T: MutVisitor>(pat: &mut P<Pat>, vis: &mut T) {
     let Pat { id, kind, span, tokens } = pat.deref_mut();
     vis.visit_id(id);
     match kind {
-        PatKind::Wild | PatKind::Rest => {}
+        PatKind::Wild | PatKind::Rest | PatKind::Never => {}
         PatKind::Ident(_binding_mode, ident, sub) => {
             vis.visit_ident(ident);
             visit_opt(sub, |sub| vis.visit_pat(sub));

compiler/rustc_ast/src/visit.rs

@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ pub fn walk_pat<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, pattern: &'a Pat) {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, lower_bound);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, upper_bound);
         }
-        PatKind::Wild | PatKind::Rest => {}
+        PatKind::Wild | PatKind::Rest | PatKind::Never => {}
         PatKind::Tuple(elems) | PatKind::Slice(elems) | PatKind::Or(elems) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_pat, elems);
         }

compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/pat.rs

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
             let node = loop {
                 match &pattern.kind {
                     PatKind::Wild => break hir::PatKind::Wild,
+                    PatKind::Never => break hir::PatKind::Never,
                     PatKind::Ident(binding_mode, ident, sub) => {
                         let lower_sub = |this: &mut Self| sub.as_ref().map(|s| this.lower_pat(s));
                         break self.lower_pat_ident(pattern, *binding_mode, *ident, lower_sub);

compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs

@@ -555,6 +555,7 @@ pub fn check_crate(krate: &ast::Crate, sess: &Session, features: &Features) {
     gate_all!(explicit_tail_calls, "`become` expression is experimental");
     gate_all!(generic_const_items, "generic const items are experimental");
     gate_all!(unnamed_fields, "unnamed fields are not yet fully implemented");
+    gate_all!(never_patterns, "`!` patterns are experimental");
 
     if !visitor.features.negative_bounds {
         for &span in spans.get(&sym::negative_bounds).iter().copied().flatten() {

compiler/rustc_ast_pretty/src/pprust/state.rs

@@ -1434,6 +1434,7 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
         is that it doesn't matter */
         match &pat.kind {
             PatKind::Wild => self.word("_"),
+            PatKind::Never => self.word("!"),
             PatKind::Ident(BindingAnnotation(by_ref, mutbl), ident, sub) => {
                 if *by_ref == ByRef::Yes {
                     self.word_nbsp("ref");

compiler/rustc_feature/src/unstable.rs

@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ macro_rules! declare_features {
 // was set.
 //
 // Note that the features are grouped into internal/user-facing and then
-// sorted by version inside those groups. This is enforced with tidy.
+// sorted alphabetically inside those groups. This is enforced with tidy.
 //
 // N.B., `tools/tidy/src/features.rs` parses this information directly out of the
 // source, so take care when modifying it.
@@ -510,6 +510,8 @@ declare_features! (
     (unstable, native_link_modifiers_as_needed, "1.53.0", Some(81490), None),
     /// Allow negative trait implementations.
     (unstable, negative_impls, "1.44.0", Some(68318), None),
+    /// Allows the `!` pattern.
+    (incomplete, never_patterns, "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION", Some(118155), None),
     /// Allows the `!` type. Does not imply 'exhaustive_patterns' (below) any more.
     (unstable, never_type, "1.13.0", Some(35121), None),
     /// Allows diverging expressions to fall back to `!` rather than `()`.

compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir.rs

@@ -1032,7 +1032,7 @@ impl<'hir> Pat<'hir> {
 
         use PatKind::*;
         match self.kind {
-            Wild | Lit(_) | Range(..) | Binding(.., None) | Path(_) => true,
+            Wild | Never | Lit(_) | Range(..) | Binding(.., None) | Path(_) => true,
             Box(s) | Ref(s, _) | Binding(.., Some(s)) => s.walk_short_(it),
             Struct(_, fields, _) => fields.iter().all(|field| field.pat.walk_short_(it)),
             TupleStruct(_, s, _) | Tuple(s, _) | Or(s) => s.iter().all(|p| p.walk_short_(it)),
@@ -1059,7 +1059,7 @@ impl<'hir> Pat<'hir> {
 
         use PatKind::*;
         match self.kind {
-            Wild | Lit(_) | Range(..) | Binding(.., None) | Path(_) => {}
+            Wild | Never | Lit(_) | Range(..) | Binding(.., None) | Path(_) => {}
             Box(s) | Ref(s, _) | Binding(.., Some(s)) => s.walk_(it),
             Struct(_, fields, _) => fields.iter().for_each(|field| field.pat.walk_(it)),
             TupleStruct(_, s, _) | Tuple(s, _) | Or(s) => s.iter().for_each(|p| p.walk_(it)),
@@ -1172,6 +1172,9 @@ pub enum PatKind<'hir> {
     /// Invariant: `pats.len() >= 2`.
     Or(&'hir [Pat<'hir>]),
 
+    /// A never pattern `!`.
+    Never,
+
     /// A path pattern for a unit struct/variant or a (maybe-associated) constant.
     Path(QPath<'hir>),
 

compiler/rustc_hir/src/intravisit.rs

@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ pub fn walk_pat<'v, V: Visitor<'v>>(visitor: &mut V, pattern: &'v Pat<'v>) {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, lower_bound);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, upper_bound);
         }
-        PatKind::Wild => (),
+        PatKind::Never | PatKind::Wild => (),
         PatKind::Slice(prepatterns, ref slice_pattern, postpatterns) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_pat, prepatterns);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_pat, slice_pattern);

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/region.rs

@@ -664,6 +664,7 @@ fn resolve_local<'tcx>(
             PatKind::Ref(_, _)
             | PatKind::Binding(hir::BindingAnnotation(hir::ByRef::No, _), ..)
             | PatKind::Wild
+            | PatKind::Never
             | PatKind::Path(_)
             | PatKind::Lit(_)
             | PatKind::Range(_, _, _) => false,

compiler/rustc_hir_pretty/src/lib.rs

@@ -1722,6 +1722,7 @@ impl<'a> State<'a> {
         // is that it doesn't matter
         match pat.kind {
             PatKind::Wild => self.word("_"),
+            PatKind::Never => self.word("!"),
             PatKind::Binding(BindingAnnotation(by_ref, mutbl), _, ident, sub) => {
                 if by_ref == ByRef::Yes {
                     self.word_nbsp("ref");

compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr_use_visitor.rs

@@ -401,12 +401,17 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ExprUseVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
             mc.cat_pattern(discr_place.clone(), pat, |place, pat| {
                 match &pat.kind {
                     PatKind::Binding(.., opt_sub_pat) => {
-                        // If the opt_sub_pat is None, than the binding does not count as
+                        // If the opt_sub_pat is None, then the binding does not count as
                         // a wildcard for the purpose of borrowing discr.
                         if opt_sub_pat.is_none() {
                             needs_to_be_read = true;
                         }
                     }
+                    PatKind::Never => {
+                        // A never pattern reads the value.
+                        // FIXME(never_patterns): does this do what I expect?
+                        needs_to_be_read = true;
+                    }
                     PatKind::Path(qpath) => {
                         // A `Path` pattern is just a name like `Foo`. This is either a
                         // named constant or else it refers to an ADT variant

compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/mem_categorization.rs

@@ -773,6 +773,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> MemCategorizationContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             | PatKind::Binding(.., None)
             | PatKind::Lit(..)
             | PatKind::Range(..)
+            | PatKind::Never
             | PatKind::Wild => {
                 // always ok
             }

compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/pat.rs

@@ -178,6 +178,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         let ty = match pat.kind {
             PatKind::Wild => expected,
+            PatKind::Never => expected, // FIXME(never_patterns): check the type is uninhabited
             PatKind::Lit(lt) => self.check_pat_lit(pat.span, lt, expected, ti),
             PatKind::Range(lhs, rhs, _) => self.check_pat_range(pat.span, lhs, rhs, expected, ti),
             PatKind::Binding(ba, var_id, _, sub) => {
@@ -289,7 +290,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             | PatKind::Slice(..) => AdjustMode::Peel,
             // String and byte-string literals result in types `&str` and `&[u8]` respectively.
             // All other literals result in non-reference types.
-            // As a result, we allow `if let 0 = &&0 {}` but not `if let "foo" = &&"foo {}`.
+            // As a result, we allow `if let 0 = &&0 {}` but not `if let "foo" = &&"foo" {}`.
             //
             // Call `resolve_vars_if_possible` here for inline const blocks.
             PatKind::Lit(lt) => match self.resolve_vars_if_possible(self.check_expr(lt)).kind() {
@@ -318,6 +319,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             //
             // See issue #46688.
             PatKind::Ref(..) => AdjustMode::Reset,
+            // A never pattern does not participate in match ergonomics. E.g. if `x: Option<&!>` we
+            // accept `Some(&!)` but not `Some(!)` as a pattern. The intent is to be explicit about
+            // dereferences.
+            // FIXME(never_patterns): check this does what I expect
+            PatKind::Never => AdjustMode::Reset,
             // A `_` pattern works with any expected type, so there's no need to do anything.
             PatKind::Wild
             // Bindings also work with whatever the expected type is,
@@ -743,6 +749,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                         | PatKind::Slice(..) => "binding",
 
                         PatKind::Wild
+                        | PatKind::Never
                         | PatKind::Binding(..)
                         | PatKind::Path(..)
                         | PatKind::Box(..)

compiler/rustc_lint/src/unused.rs

@@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@ impl EarlyLintPass for UnusedParens {
             // Do not lint on `(..)` as that will result in the other arms being useless.
             Paren(_)
             // The other cases do not contain sub-patterns.
-            | Wild | Rest | Lit(..) | MacCall(..) | Range(..) | Ident(.., None) | Path(..) => {},
+            | Wild | Never | Rest | Lit(..) | MacCall(..) | Range(..) | Ident(.., None) | Path(..) => {},
             // These are list-like patterns; parens can always be removed.
             TupleStruct(_, _, ps) | Tuple(ps) | Slice(ps) | Or(ps) => for p in ps {
                 self.check_unused_parens_pat(cx, p, false, false, keep_space);

compiler/rustc_middle/src/thir.rs

@@ -635,7 +635,12 @@ impl<'tcx> Pat<'tcx> {
 
         use PatKind::*;
         match &self.kind {
-            Wild | Range(..) | Binding { subpattern: None, .. } | Constant { .. } | Error(_) => {}
+            Wild
+            | Never
+            | Range(..)
+            | Binding { subpattern: None, .. }
+            | Constant { .. }
+            | Error(_) => {}
             AscribeUserType { subpattern, .. }
             | Binding { subpattern: Some(subpattern), .. }
             | Deref { subpattern }
@@ -655,7 +660,9 @@ impl<'tcx> Pat<'tcx> {
     pub fn pat_error_reported(&self) -> Result<(), ErrorGuaranteed> {
         let mut error = None;
         self.walk(|pat| {
-            if let PatKind::Error(e) = pat.kind && error.is_none() {
+            if let PatKind::Error(e) = pat.kind
+                && error.is_none()
+            {
                 error = Some(e);
             }
             error.is_none()
@@ -807,6 +814,9 @@ pub enum PatKind<'tcx> {
         pats: Box<[Box<Pat<'tcx>>]>,
     },
 
+    /// A never pattern `!`.
+    Never,
+
     /// An error has been encountered during lowering. We probably shouldn't report more lints
     /// related to this pattern.
     Error(ErrorGuaranteed),
@@ -1067,6 +1077,7 @@ impl<'tcx> fmt::Display for Pat<'tcx> {
 
         match self.kind {
             PatKind::Wild => write!(f, "_"),
+            PatKind::Never => write!(f, "!"),
             PatKind::AscribeUserType { ref subpattern, .. } => write!(f, "{subpattern}: _"),
             PatKind::Binding { mutability, name, mode, ref subpattern, .. } => {
                 let is_mut = match mode {

compiler/rustc_middle/src/thir/visit.rs

@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ pub fn walk_pat<'a, 'tcx: 'a, V: Visitor<'a, 'tcx>>(visitor: &mut V, pat: &Pat<'
             is_primary: _,
             name: _,
         } => visitor.visit_pat(&subpattern),
-        Binding { .. } | Wild | Error(_) => {}
+        Binding { .. } | Wild | Never | Error(_) => {}
         Variant { subpatterns, adt_def: _, args: _, variant_index: _ } | Leaf { subpatterns } => {
             for subpattern in subpatterns {
                 visitor.visit_pat(&subpattern.pattern);

compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/matches/mod.rs

@@ -827,6 +827,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
             PatKind::Constant { .. }
             | PatKind::Range { .. }
             | PatKind::Wild
+            | PatKind::Never
             | PatKind::Error(_) => {}
 
             PatKind::Deref { ref subpattern } => {

compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/matches/simplify.rs

@@ -194,6 +194,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
                 Ok(())
             }
 
+            PatKind::Never => {
+                // A never pattern acts like a load from the place.
+                // FIXME(never_patterns): load from the place
+                Ok(())
+            }
+
             PatKind::Constant { .. } => {
                 // FIXME normalize patterns when possible
                 Err(match_pair)

compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/matches/test.rs

@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
             | PatKind::Array { .. }
             | PatKind::Wild
             | PatKind::Binding { .. }
+            | PatKind::Never
             | PatKind::Leaf { .. }
             | PatKind::Deref { .. }
             | PatKind::Error(_) => self.error_simplifiable(match_pair),
@@ -107,6 +108,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
             PatKind::Slice { .. }
             | PatKind::Array { .. }
             | PatKind::Wild
+            | PatKind::Never
             | PatKind::Or { .. }
             | PatKind::Binding { .. }
             | PatKind::AscribeUserType { .. }

compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/check_unsafety.rs

@@ -237,8 +237,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'a, 'tcx> for UnsafetyVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
                     self.requires_unsafe(pat.span, AccessToUnionField);
                     return; // we can return here since this already requires unsafe
                 }
-                // wildcard doesn't take anything
+                // wildcard/never don't take anything
                 PatKind::Wild |
+                PatKind::Never |
                 // these just wrap other patterns
                 PatKind::Or { .. } |
                 PatKind::InlineConstant { .. } |

compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/deconstruct_pat.rs

@@ -1580,6 +1580,10 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> DeconstructedPat<'p, 'tcx> {
                 let pats = expand_or_pat(pat);
                 fields = Fields::from_iter(cx, pats.into_iter().map(mkpat));
             }
+            PatKind::Never => {
+                ctor = Wildcard; // FIXME(never_patterns)
+                fields = Fields::empty();
+            }
             PatKind::Error(_) => {
                 ctor = Opaque;
                 fields = Fields::empty();

compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/mod.rs

@@ -254,6 +254,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> PatCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         let kind = match pat.kind {
             hir::PatKind::Wild => PatKind::Wild,
 
+            hir::PatKind::Never => PatKind::Never,
+
             hir::PatKind::Lit(value) => self.lower_lit(value),
 
             hir::PatKind::Range(ref lo_expr, ref hi_expr, end) => {
@@ -792,6 +794,7 @@ impl<'tcx> PatternFoldable<'tcx> for PatKind<'tcx> {
     fn super_fold_with<F: PatternFolder<'tcx>>(&self, folder: &mut F) -> Self {
         match *self {
             PatKind::Wild => PatKind::Wild,
+            PatKind::Never => PatKind::Never,
             PatKind::Error(e) => PatKind::Error(e),
             PatKind::AscribeUserType {
                 ref subpattern,

compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/print.rs

@@ -636,6 +636,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ThirPrinter<'a, 'tcx> {
             PatKind::Wild => {
                 print_indented!(self, "Wild", depth_lvl + 1);
             }
+            PatKind::Never => {
+                print_indented!(self, "Never", depth_lvl + 1);
+            }
             PatKind::AscribeUserType { ascription, subpattern } => {
                 print_indented!(self, "AscribeUserType: {", depth_lvl + 1);
                 print_indented!(self, format!("ascription: {:?}", ascription), depth_lvl + 2);

compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/pat.rs

@@ -368,8 +368,12 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             self.recover_dotdotdot_rest_pat(lo)
         } else if let Some(form) = self.parse_range_end() {
             self.parse_pat_range_to(form)? // `..=X`, `...X`, or `..X`.
+        } else if self.eat(&token::Not) {
+            // Parse `!`
+            self.sess.gated_spans.gate(sym::never_patterns, self.prev_token.span);
+            PatKind::Never
         } else if self.eat_keyword(kw::Underscore) {
-            // Parse _
+            // Parse `_`
             PatKind::Wild
         } else if self.eat_keyword(kw::Mut) {
             self.parse_pat_ident_mut(syntax_loc)?

compiler/rustc_passes/src/hir_stats.rs

@@ -286,7 +286,21 @@ impl<'v> hir_visit::Visitor<'v> for StatCollector<'v> {
     fn visit_pat(&mut self, p: &'v hir::Pat<'v>) {
         record_variants!(
             (self, p, p.kind, Id::Node(p.hir_id), hir, Pat, PatKind),
-            [Wild, Binding, Struct, TupleStruct, Or, Path, Tuple, Box, Ref, Lit, Range, Slice]
+            [
+                Wild,
+                Binding,
+                Struct,
+                TupleStruct,
+                Or,
+                Never,
+                Path,
+                Tuple,
+                Box,
+                Ref,
+                Lit,
+                Range,
+                Slice
+            ]
         );
         hir_visit::walk_pat(self, p)
     }
@@ -554,6 +568,7 @@ impl<'v> ast_visit::Visitor<'v> for StatCollector<'v> {
                 Range,
                 Slice,
                 Rest,
+                Never,
                 Paren,
                 MacCall
             ]

compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs

@@ -1059,6 +1059,7 @@ symbols! {
         negative_impls,
         neon,
         never,
+        never_patterns,
         never_type,
         never_type_fallback,
         new,