fix(core): Enhance BaseComponent serialization with robust unpickling and validation

[iamarunbrahma]

Description

This PR improves the serialization/deserialization mechanism in the BaseComponent class by enhancing the __setstate__ method with better handling of unpickleable attributes and state validation. The changes prevent potential data corruption issues and provide better error reporting during object reconstruction.

Key improvements:

• Track and log removed unpickleable attributes during deserialization
• Add state validation after object reconstruction
• Improve error handling and logging for failed initializations
• Prevent silent failures during object reconstruction

New Package?

Did I fill in the tool.llamahub section in the pyproject.toml and provide a detailed README.md for my new integration or package?

• Yes
• No

Version Bump?

Did I bump the version in the pyproject.toml file of the package I am updating? (Except for the llama-index-core package)

• Yes
• No

Type of Change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• This change requires a documentation update

How Has This Been Tested?

• I added new unit tests to cover this change
• I believe this change is already covered by existing unit tests

The changes are covered by existing tests in:

• tests/schema/test_base_component.py
• tests/schema/test_schema.py

All tests pass successfully, including serialization/deserialization tests.

Suggested Checklist:

• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• I have added Google Colab support for the newly added notebooks.
• My changes generate no new warnings
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• New and existing unit tests pass locally with my changes
• I ran make format; make lint to appease the lint gods