ci: replace trivy with trivy-action

[binbin-li]

Description

What this PR does / why we need it:

1. Switch to trivy-action from trivy CLI to use DB cache for free.
2. The latest trivy-action will invoke trivy CLI of v0.56.1, and the current trivy CLI that Ratify downloads is v0.46.0
3. This change will not completely avoid 429 as it's throttling from server side. My test shows the first batch of fetching could be throttled as well, but it can be mitigated a lot for following downloading.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes (optional, using fixes #<issue number>(, fixes #<issue_number>, ...) format, will close the issue(s) when the PR gets merged):

Fixes github action part for #1866

Type of change

Please delete options that are not relevant.

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Helm Chart Change (any edit/addition/update that is necessary for changes merged to the main branch)
• This change requires a documentation update

How Has This Been Tested?

Please describe the tests that you ran to verify your changes. Please also list any relevant details for your test configuration

• Test A
• Test B

Checklist:

• Does the affected code have corresponding tests?
• Are the changes documented, not just with inline documentation, but also with conceptual documentation such as an overview of a new feature, or task-based documentation like a tutorial? Consider if this change should be announced on your project blog.
• Does this introduce breaking changes that would require an announcement or bumping the major version?
• Do all new files have appropriate license header?

Post Merge Requirements

• MAINTAINERS: manually trigger the "Publish Package" workflow after merging any PR that indicates Helm Chart Change

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

[junczhu]

LGTM