Support args= in apply

[brandon-b-miller]

Closes #9500

Allows passing args= to DataFrame.apply as is supported in pandas: https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.apply.html

Concretely, this allows for this:

import cudf
df = cudf.DataFrame({
    'a':[1,2,3]
})

def f(row, c):
    return row['a'] + c

res = df.apply(f, args=(3,))

cc @randerzander

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #9514 (368b54d) into branch-21.12 (ab4bfaa) will decrease coverage by 0.14%.
The diff coverage is n/a.

❗ Current head 368b54d differs from pull request most recent head 354730c. Consider uploading reports for the commit 354730c to get more accurate results

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##           branch-21.12    #9514      +/-   ##
================================================
- Coverage         10.79%   10.64%   -0.15%     
================================================
  Files               116      117       +1     
  Lines             18869    19342     +473     
================================================
+ Hits               2036     2059      +23     
- Misses            16833    17283     +450     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
python/dask_cudf/dask_cudf/sorting.py	92.90% <0.00%> (-1.21%)	⬇️
python/cudf/cudf/io/csv.py	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
python/cudf/cudf/io/orc.py	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
python/cudf/cudf/__init__.py	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
python/cudf/cudf/core/frame.py	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
python/cudf/cudf/core/index.py	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
python/cudf/cudf/io/parquet.py	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
python/cudf/cudf/core/series.py	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
python/cudf/cudf/core/reshape.py	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
python/cudf/cudf/utils/dtypes.py	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
... and 42 more

---

Continue to review full report at Codecov.

Legend - Click here to learn more
Δ = absolute <relative> (impact), ø = not affected, ? = missing data
Powered by Codecov. Last update 90dd9fe...354730c. Read the comment docs.

[brandon-b-miller]

rerun tests

[vyasr]

It's great that numba makes it easy to handle this so elegantly.

[vyasr]

LGTM!

[brandon-b-miller]

@gpucibot merge

[brandon-b-miller]

Opened #9598 for the Series follow up that I was not able to easily implement here and should be tackled separately.