Allow users to specify data types for a subset of columns in read_csv

[vuule]

Fixes #10254

CSV reader previously assumed that all data types are specified by the user, or none.
This PR changes the logic so that user can pass a map/dictionary to specify type for any subset of columns, and reader infers the type for the remaining columns.
When passing columns as an array, users still need to specify all columns' types, because the array become ambiguous when reading a subset of columns in the file.

[bdice]

Looks great overall! Only one minor change request.

[galipremsagar]

is this intended for 22.04 or 22.06? - Asking this because the PR and issue are on two different boards.

[vuule]

is this intended for 22.04 or 22.06? - Asking this because the PR and issue are on two different boards.

I think it's a bit late for 22.04, would prefer to leave for 22.06 unless the issue is critical. Did not get a comment from @shwina about the severity.

[shwina]

Apologies for missing the pings about this one. 22.06 should be fine.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❗ No coverage uploaded for pull request base (branch-22.06@8d86ae8). Click here to learn what that means.
The diff coverage is n/a.

@@               Coverage Diff               @@
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  Hits                    ?    19259           
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[vuule]

@gpucibot merge