[DOC] README core resource links (docs, examples) should be easier to find

[bdice]

Report needed documentation

Report needed documentation
I was showing cuDF and cuML to a friend and had difficulty finding links to the documentation in the README.

Describe the documentation you'd like
I would like to add a "Resources" section at the top of the README with essential links (docs, examples). I have used this approach with other projects I maintain and have found it is well-liked by users. Examples: freud, HOOMD-blue. These were inspired by other projects from this Awesome READMEs list.

An additional improvement would be to add badges at the top of the README for core services such as docs, containers, citation information, etc. There is currently only one badge, and the rest of the line is empty (could be useful space for additional badges).

I would be happy to contribute this change to the cuDF README and then apply it to other RAPIDS repos once the broad design is solidified. Let me know if you would like to add a Resources section, badges, or both. Other ideas are welcome, of course. 😄

Steps taken to search for needed documentation

1. I looked for a "docs" badge (does not exist)
2. I kept reading for about 1 screen, hoping to find a link in the README with the text "Documentation"
3. I tried to find a documentation link at the top of the repo page in the "About" section or perhaps the repo's "homepage" link (which points to rapids.ai, which is fine)
4. I finally found the docs link after a long code block, in the middle of a sentence ("For additional examples, browse our complete API documentation, ...")

[harrism]

Hey @bdice, we'd love to have you contribute this!

[github-actions]

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[bdice]

I will work on this soon! 🙂