Infer the type of the result of calling typing.cast()

ChangeLog

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ What's New in astroid 2.6.6?
 ============================
 Release date: TBA
 
+* Added support to infer return type of ``typing.cast()``
 
 
 What's New in astroid 2.6.5?

astroid/brain/brain_typing.py

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
     Call,
     Const,
     Name,
+    NodeNG,
     Subscript,
 )
 from astroid.scoped_nodes import ClassDef, FunctionDef
@@ -356,6 +357,36 @@ def infer_tuple_alias(
     return iter([class_def])
 
 
+def _looks_like_typing_cast(node: Call) -> bool:
+    return isinstance(node, Call) and (
+        isinstance(node.func, Name)
+        and node.func.name == "cast"
+        or isinstance(node.func, Attribute)
+        and node.func.attrname == "cast"
+    )
+
+
+def infer_typing_cast(
+    node: Call, ctx: context.InferenceContext = None
+) -> typing.Iterator[NodeNG]:
+    """Infer call to cast() returning same type as casted-from var"""
+    if not isinstance(node.func, (Name, Attribute)):
+        raise UseInferenceDefault
+
+    try:
+        func = next(node.func.infer(context=ctx))
+    except InferenceError as exc:
+        raise UseInferenceDefault from exc
+    if (
+        not isinstance(func, FunctionDef)
+        or func.qname() != "typing.cast"
+        or len(node.args) != 2
+    ):
+        raise UseInferenceDefault
+
+    return node.args[1].infer(context=ctx)
+
+
 AstroidManager().register_transform(
     Call,
     inference_tip(infer_typing_typevar_or_newtype),
@@ -364,6 +395,9 @@ def infer_tuple_alias(
 AstroidManager().register_transform(
     Subscript, inference_tip(infer_typing_attr), _looks_like_typing_subscript
 )
+AstroidManager().register_transform(
+    Call, inference_tip(infer_typing_cast), _looks_like_typing_cast
+)
 
 if PY39_PLUS:
     AstroidManager().register_transform(

tests/unittest_brain.py

@@ -1810,6 +1810,38 @@ def test_typing_object_builtin_subscriptable(self):
             self.assertIsInstance(inferred, nodes.ClassDef)
             self.assertIsInstance(inferred.getattr("__iter__")[0], nodes.FunctionDef)
 
+    def test_typing_cast(self):
+        node = builder.extract_node(
+            """
+        from typing import cast
+        class A:
+            pass
+
+        b = 42
+        a = cast(A, b)
+        a
+        """
+        )
+        inferred = next(node.infer())
+        assert isinstance(inferred, nodes.Const)
+        assert inferred.value == 42
+
+    def test_typing_cast_attribute(self):
+        node = builder.extract_node(
+            """
+        import typing
+        class A:
+            pass
+
+        b = 42
+        a = typing.cast(A, b)
+        a
+        """
+        )
+        inferred = next(node.infer())
+        assert isinstance(inferred, nodes.Const)
+        assert inferred.value == 42
+
 
 class ReBrainTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_regex_flags(self):