Remove clang_experimental build for real this time

[mspang]

Problem

This build was intended to be removed in 9488c1a ("Remove linux
clang_experimental build (#7467)") but was left in the matrix and has
since been wasting capacity.

Change overview

To prevent waste going forward, make unrecognized build types in the
matrix fail when deriving the arguments. Also, simplify the arguments
setting a bit - for brevity options that are defaults are not specified;
the original builds worked this way but the new logging build did not.

Testing

Run CI.

[github-actions]

Size increase report for "esp32-example-build" from f4a6b28

File	Section	File	VM
chip-all-clusters-app.elf	.flash.text	-16	-16
chip-temperature-measurement-app.elf	.flash.text	-51	-60

Full report output

BLOAT REPORT

Files found only in the build output:
    report.csv

Comparing ./master_artifact/chip-pigweed-app.elf and ./pull_artifact/chip-pigweed-app.elf:

sections,vmsize,filesize

Comparing ./master_artifact/chip-shell.elf and ./pull_artifact/chip-shell.elf:

sections,vmsize,filesize

Comparing ./master_artifact/chip-all-clusters-app.elf and ./pull_artifact/chip-all-clusters-app.elf:

sections,vmsize,filesize
.xt.prop._ZN4chip6System5Mutex6UnlockEv,0,108
.xt.lit._ZN4chip11DeviceLayer8Internal35GenericPlatformManagerImpl_FreeRTOSINS0_19PlatformManagerImplEE14_LockChipStackEv,0,48
.xt.lit._ZN4chip11DeviceLayer8Internal35GenericPlatformManagerImpl_FreeRTOSINS0_19PlatformManagerImplEE15_StartChipTimerEj,0,48
.xt.lit._ZN4chip11DeviceLayer8Internal35GenericPlatformManagerImpl_FreeRTOSINS0_19PlatformManagerImplEE16_UnlockChipStackEv,0,48
[Unmapped],0,16
.xt.prop._ZN4chip11DeviceLayer8Internal35GenericPlatformManagerImpl_FreeRTOSINS0_19PlatformManagerImplEE14_LockChipStackEv,0,12
.xt.prop._ZN4chip11DeviceLayer8Internal35GenericPlatformManagerImpl_FreeRTOSINS0_19PlatformManagerImplEE15_StartChipTimerEj,0,12
.xt.prop._ZN4chip11DeviceLayer8Internal35GenericPlatformManagerImpl_FreeRTOSINS0_19PlatformManagerImplEE16_UnlockChipStackEv,0,12
.flash.text,-16,-16
.xt.prop._ZN4chip11DeviceLayer8Internal26GenericPlatformManagerImplINS0_19PlatformManagerImplEE14_InitChipStackEv,0,-40
.xt.lit._ZN4chip11DeviceLayer8Internal35GenericPlatformManagerImpl_FreeRTOSINS0_19PlatformManagerImplEE10_PostEventEPKNS0_15ChipDeviceEventE,0,-80
.xt.lit._ZN4chip6System5Mutex6UnlockEv,0,-128

Comparing ./master_artifact/chip-lock-app.elf and ./pull_artifact/chip-lock-app.elf:

sections,vmsize,filesize

Comparing ./master_artifact/chip-persistent-storage.elf and ./pull_artifact/chip-persistent-storage.elf:

sections,vmsize,filesize

Comparing ./master_artifact/chip-temperature-measurement-app.elf and ./pull_artifact/chip-temperature-measurement-app.elf:

sections,vmsize,filesize
.flash.text,-60,-51
[Unmapped],0,-4045

[mspang]

@jepenven-silabs @Damian-Nordic @saurabhst