BERT(S) for Relation Extraction

Overview

A PyTorch implementation of the models for the paper "Matching the Blanks: Distributional Similarity for Relation Learning" published in ACL 2019.
Note: This is not an official repo for the paper.
Additional models for relation extraction, implemented here based on the paper's methodology:

• ALBERT (https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.11942)
• BioBERT (https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.08746)

For more conceptual details on the implementation, please see https://towardsdatascience.com/bert-s-for-relation-extraction-in-nlp-2c7c3ab487c4

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Requirements

Requirements: Python (3.8+)

python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt
python3 -m spacy download en_core_web_lg

Pre-trained BERT models (ALBERT, BERT) courtesy of HuggingFace.co (https://huggingface.co)
Pre-trained BioBERT model courtesy of https://github.com/dmis-lab/biobert

To use BioBERT(biobert_v1.1_pubmed), download & unzip the model from here to ./additional_models folder.

Training by matching the blanks (BERT_EM + MTB)

Run main_pretraining.py with arguments below. Pre-training data can be any .txt continuous text file.
We use Spacy NLP to grab pairwise entities (within a window size of 40 tokens length) from the text to form relation statements for pre-training. Entities recognition are based on NER and dependency tree parsing of objects/subjects.

The pre-training data taken from CNN dataset (cnn.txt) that I've used can be downloaded here.
Download and save as ./data/cnn.txt
However, do note that the paper uses wiki dumps data for MTB pre-training which is much larger than the CNN dataset.

Note: Pre-training can take a long time, depending on available GPU. It is possible to directly fine-tune on the relation-extraction task and still get reasonable results, following the section below.

main_pretraining.py [-h] 
	[--pretrain_data TRAIN_PATH] 
	[--batch_size BATCH_SIZE]
	[--freeze FREEZE]  
	[--gradient_acc_steps GRADIENT_ACC_STEPS]
	[--max_norm MAX_NORM]
	[--fp16 FP_16]  
	[--num_epochs NUM_EPOCHS]
	[--lr LR]
	[--model_no MODEL_NO (0: BERT ; 1: ALBERT ; 2: BioBERT)]  
	[--model_size MODEL_SIZE (BERT: 'bert-base-uncased', 'bert-large-uncased';   
				ALBERT: 'albert-base-v2', 'albert-large-v2';   
				BioBERT: 'bert-base-uncased' (biobert_v1.1_pubmed))]

Fine-tuning on SemEval2010 Task 8 (BERT_EM/BERT_EM + MTB)

Run main_task.py with arguments below. Requires SemEval2010 Task 8 dataset, available here. Download & unzip to ./data/ folder.

main_task.py [-h] 
	[--train_data TRAIN_DATA]
	[--test_data TEST_DATA]
	[--use_pretrained_blanks USE_PRETRAINED_BLANKS]
	[--num_classes NUM_CLASSES] 
	[--batch_size BATCH_SIZE]
	[--gradient_acc_steps GRADIENT_ACC_STEPS]
	[--max_norm MAX_NORM]
	[--fp16 FP_16]  
	[--num_epochs NUM_EPOCHS]
	[--lr LR]
	[--model_no MODEL_NO (0: BERT ; 1: ALBERT ; 2: BioBERT)]  
	[--model_size MODEL_SIZE (BERT: 'bert-base-uncased', 'bert-large-uncased';   
				ALBERT: 'albert-base-v2', 'albert-large-v2';   
				BioBERT: 'bert-base-uncased' (biobert_v1.1_pubmed))]    
	[--train TRAIN]
	[--infer INFER]

Inference (--infer=1)

To infer a sentence, you can annotate entity1 & entity2 of interest within the sentence with their respective entities tags [E1], [E2]. Example:

Type input sentence ('quit' or 'exit' to terminate):
The surprise [E1]visit[/E1] caused a [E2]frenzy[/E2] on the already chaotic trading floor.

Sentence:  The surprise [E1]visit[/E1] caused a [E2]frenzy[/E2] on the already chaotic trading floor.
Predicted:  Cause-Effect(e1,e2) 

from src.tasks.infer import infer_from_trained

inferer = infer_from_trained(args, detect_entities=False)
test = "The surprise [E1]visit[/E1] caused a [E2]frenzy[/E2] on the already chaotic trading floor."
inferer.infer_sentence(test, detect_entities=False)

Sentence:  The surprise [E1]visit[/E1] caused a [E2]frenzy[/E2] on the already chaotic trading floor.
Predicted:  Cause-Effect(e1,e2) 

The script can also automatically detect potential entities in an input sentence, in which case all possible relation combinations are inferred:

inferer = infer_from_trained(args, detect_entities=True)
test2 = "After eating the chicken, he developed a sore throat the next morning."
inferer.infer_sentence(test2, detect_entities=True)

Sentence:  [E2]After eating the chicken[/E2] , [E1]he[/E1] developed a sore throat the next morning .
Predicted:  Other 

Sentence:  After eating the chicken , [E1]he[/E1] developed [E2]a sore throat[/E2] the next morning .
Predicted:  Other 

Sentence:  [E1]After eating the chicken[/E1] , [E2]he[/E2] developed a sore throat the next morning .
Predicted:  Other 

Sentence:  [E1]After eating the chicken[/E1] , he developed [E2]a sore throat[/E2] the next morning .
Predicted:  Other 

Sentence:  After eating the chicken , [E2]he[/E2] developed [E1]a sore throat[/E1] the next morning .
Predicted:  Other 

Sentence:  [E2]After eating the chicken[/E2] , he developed [E1]a sore throat[/E1] the next morning .
Predicted:  Cause-Effect(e2,e1) 

FewRel Task

Download the FewRel 1.0 dataset here. and unzip to ./data/ folder.
Run main_task.py with argument 'task' set as 'fewrel'.

python main_task.py --task fewrel

Results:
(5-way 1-shot)
BERT_EM without MTB, not trained on any FewRel data

Model size	Accuracy (41646 samples)
bert-base-uncased	62.229 %
bert-large-uncased	72.766 %

Benchmark Results

SemEval2010 Task 8

1. Base architecture: BERT base uncased (12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters)

Without MTB pre-training: F1 results when trained on 100 % training data:

2. Base architecture: ALBERT base uncased (12 repeating layers, 128 embedding, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 11M parameters)

Without MTB pre-training: F1 results when trained on 100 % training data:

To add

• inference & results on benchmarks (SemEval2010 Task 8) with MTB pre-training
• felrel task