i2s audio examples

micropython/examples/cosmic_unicorn/audio/audio.py

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+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 Christopher Parrott for Pimoroni Ltd
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+import os
+import math
+import struct
+from machine import I2S, Pin
+
+"""
+A class for playing Wav files out of an I2S audio amp. It can also play pure tones.
+This code is based heavily on the work of Mike Teachman, at:
+https://github.com/miketeachman/micropython-i2s-examples/blob/master/examples/wavplayer.py
+"""
+
+
+class WavPlayer:
+    # Internal states
+    PLAY = 0
+    PAUSE = 1
+    FLUSH = 2
+    STOP = 3
+    NONE = 4
+
+    MODE_WAV = 0
+    MODE_TONE = 1
+
+    # Default buffer length
+    SILENCE_BUFFER_LENGTH = 1000
+    WAV_BUFFER_LENGTH = 10000
+    INTERNAL_BUFFER_LENGTH = 20000
+
+    TONE_SAMPLE_RATE = 44_100
+    TONE_BITS_PER_SAMPLE = 16
+    TONE_FULL_WAVES = 2
+
+    def __init__(self, id, sck_pin, ws_pin, sd_pin, amp_enable=None, ibuf_len=INTERNAL_BUFFER_LENGTH, root="/"):
+        self.__id = id
+        self.__sck_pin = sck_pin
+        self.__ws_pin = ws_pin
+        self.__sd_pin = sd_pin
+        self.__ibuf_len = ibuf_len
+        self.__enable = None
+
+        if amp_enable is not None:
+            self.__enable = Pin(amp_enable, Pin.OUT)
+
+        # Set the directory to search for files in
+        self.set_root(root)
+
+        self.__state = WavPlayer.NONE
+        self.__mode = WavPlayer.MODE_WAV
+        self.__wav_file = None
+        self.__loop_wav = False
+        self.__first_sample_offset = None
+        self.__flush_count = 0
+        self.__audio_out = None
+
+        # Allocate a small array of blank audio samples used for silence
+        self.__silence_samples = bytearray(self.SILENCE_BUFFER_LENGTH)
+
+        # Allocate a larger array for WAV audio samples, using a memoryview for more efficient access
+        self.__wav_samples_mv = memoryview(bytearray(self.WAV_BUFFER_LENGTH))
+
+        # Reserve a variable for audio samples used for tones
+        self.__tone_samples = None
+        self.__queued_samples = None
+
+    def set_root(self, root):
+        self.__root = root.rstrip("/") + "/"
+
+    def play_wav(self, wav_file, loop=False):
+        if os.listdir(self.__root).count(wav_file) == 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"'{wav_file}' not found")
+
+        self.__stop_i2s()                                       # Stop any active playback and terminate the I2S instance
+
+        self.__wav_file = open(self.__root + wav_file, "rb")    # Open the chosen WAV file in read-only, binary mode
+        self.__loop_wav = loop                                  # Record if the user wants the file to loop
+
+        # Parse the WAV file, returning the necessary parameters to initialise I2S communication
+        format, sample_rate, bits_per_sample, self.__first_sample_offset, self.sample_size = WavPlayer.__parse_wav(self.__wav_file)
+
+        # Keep a track of total bytes read from WAV File
+        self.total_bytes_read = 0
+
+        self.__wav_file.seek(self.__first_sample_offset)        # Advance to first byte of sample data
+
+        self.__start_i2s(bits=bits_per_sample,
+                         format=format,
+                         rate=sample_rate,
+                         state=WavPlayer.PLAY,
+                         mode=WavPlayer.MODE_WAV)
+
+    def play_tone(self, frequency, amplitude):
+        if frequency < 20.0 or frequency > 20_000:
+            raise ValueError("frequency out of range. Expected between 20Hz and 20KHz")
+
+        if amplitude < 0.0 or amplitude > 1.0:
+            raise ValueError("amplitude out of range. Expected 0.0 to 1.0")
+
+        # Create a buffer containing the pure tone samples
+        samples_per_cycle = self.TONE_SAMPLE_RATE // frequency
+        sample_size_in_bytes = self.TONE_BITS_PER_SAMPLE // 8
+        samples = bytearray(self.TONE_FULL_WAVES * samples_per_cycle * sample_size_in_bytes)
+        range = pow(2, self.TONE_BITS_PER_SAMPLE) // 2
+
+        format = "<h" if self.TONE_BITS_PER_SAMPLE == 16 else "<l"
+
+        # Populate the buffer with multiple cycles to avoid it completing too quickly and causing drop outs
+        for i in range(samples_per_cycle * self.TONE_FULL_WAVES):
+            sample = int((range - 1) * (math.sin(2 * math.pi * i / samples_per_cycle)) * amplitude)
+            struct.pack_into(format, samples, i * sample_size_in_bytes, sample)
+
+        # Are we not already playing tones?
+        if not (self.__mode == WavPlayer.MODE_TONE and (self.__state == WavPlayer.PLAY or self.__state == WavPlayer.PAUSE)):
+            self.__stop_i2s()                                       # Stop any active playback and terminate the I2S instance
+            self.__tone_samples = samples
+            self.__start_i2s(bits=self.TONE_BITS_PER_SAMPLE,
+                             format=I2S.MONO,
+                             rate=self.TONE_SAMPLE_RATE,
+                             state=WavPlayer.PLAY,
+                             mode=WavPlayer.MODE_TONE)
+        else:
+            self.__queued_samples = samples
+            self.__state = WavPlayer.PLAY
+
+    def pause(self):
+        if self.__state == WavPlayer.PLAY:
+            self.__state = WavPlayer.PAUSE          # Enter the pause state on the next callback
+
+    def resume(self):
+        if self.__state == WavPlayer.PAUSE:
+            self.__state = WavPlayer.PLAY           # Enter the play state on the next callback
+
+    def stop(self):
+        if self.__state == WavPlayer.PLAY or self.__state == WavPlayer.PAUSE:
+            if self.__mode == WavPlayer.MODE_WAV:
+                # Enter the flush state on the next callback and close the file
+                # It is done in this order to prevent the callback entering the play
+                # state after we close the file but before we change the state)
+                self.__state = WavPlayer.FLUSH
+                self.__wav_file.close()
+            else:
+                self.__state = WavPlayer.STOP
+
+    def is_playing(self):
+        return self.__state != WavPlayer.NONE and self.__state != WavPlayer.STOP
+
+    def is_paused(self):
+        return self.__state == WavPlayer.PAUSE
+
+    def __start_i2s(self, bits=16, format=I2S.MONO, rate=44_100, state=STOP, mode=MODE_WAV):
+        import gc
+        gc.collect()
+        self.__audio_out = I2S(
+            self.__id,
+            sck=self.__sck_pin,
+            ws=self.__ws_pin,
+            sd=self.__sd_pin,
+            mode=I2S.TX,
+            bits=bits,
+            format=format,
+            rate=rate,
+            ibuf=self.__ibuf_len,
+        )
+
+        self.__state = state
+        self.__mode = mode
+        self.__flush_count = self.__ibuf_len // self.SILENCE_BUFFER_LENGTH + 1
+        self.__audio_out.irq(self.__i2s_callback)
+        self.__audio_out.write(self.__silence_samples)
+
+        if self.__enable is not None:
+            self.__enable.on()
+
+    def __stop_i2s(self):
+        self.stop()                     # Stop any active playback
+        while self.is_playing():        # and wait for it to complete
+            pass
+
+        if self.__enable is not None:
+            self.__enable.off()
+
+        if self.__audio_out is not None:
+            self.__audio_out.deinit()   # Deinit any active I2S comms
+
+        self.__state == WavPlayer.NONE  # Return to the none state
+
+    def __i2s_callback(self, arg):
+        # PLAY
+        if self.__state == WavPlayer.PLAY:
+            if self.__mode == WavPlayer.MODE_WAV:
+                num_read = self.__wav_file.readinto(self.__wav_samples_mv)      # Read the next section of the WAV file
+                self.total_bytes_read += num_read
+                # Have we reached the end of the file?
+                if num_read == 0:
+                    # Do we want to loop the WAV playback?
+                    if self.__loop_wav:
+                        _ = self.__wav_file.seek(self.__first_sample_offset)    # Play again, so advance to first byte of sample data
+                    else:
+                        self.__wav_file.close()                                 # Stop playing, so close the file
+                        self.__state = WavPlayer.FLUSH                          # and enter the flush state on the next callback
+
+                    self.__audio_out.write(self.__silence_samples)              # In both cases play silence to end this callback
+                else:
+                    if num_read > 0 and num_read < self.WAV_BUFFER_LENGTH:
+                        num_read = num_read - (self.total_bytes_read - self.sample_size)
+                    self.__audio_out.write(self.__wav_samples_mv[: num_read])   # We are within the file, so write out the next audio samples
+            else:
+                if self.__queued_samples is not None:
+                    self.__tone_samples = self.__queued_samples
+                    self.__queued_samples = None
+                self.__audio_out.write(self.__tone_samples)
+
+        # PAUSE or STOP
+        elif self.__state == WavPlayer.PAUSE or self.__state == WavPlayer.STOP:
+            self.__audio_out.write(self.__silence_samples)                  # Play silence
+
+        # FLUSH
+        elif self.__state == WavPlayer.FLUSH:
+            # Flush is used to allow the residual audio samples in the internal buffer to be written
+            # to the I2S peripheral. This step avoids part of the sound file from being cut off
+            if self.__flush_count > 0:
+                self.__flush_count -= 1
+            else:
+                self.__state = WavPlayer.STOP                               # Enter the stop state on the next callback
+            self.__audio_out.write(self.__silence_samples)                  # Play silence
+
+        # NONE
+        elif self.__state == WavPlayer.NONE:
+            pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def __parse_wav(wav_file):
+        chunk_ID = wav_file.read(4)
+        if chunk_ID != b"RIFF":
+            raise ValueError("WAV chunk ID invalid")
+        _ = wav_file.read(4)                            # chunk_size
+        format = wav_file.read(4)
+        if format != b"WAVE":
+            raise ValueError("WAV format invalid")
+        sub_chunk1_ID = wav_file.read(4)
+        if sub_chunk1_ID != b"fmt ":
+            raise ValueError("WAV sub chunk 1 ID invalid")
+        _ = wav_file.read(4)                            # sub_chunk1_size
+        _ = struct.unpack("<H", wav_file.read(2))[0]    # audio_format
+        num_channels = struct.unpack("<H", wav_file.read(2))[0]
+
+        if num_channels == 1:
+            format = I2S.MONO
+        else:
+            format = I2S.STEREO
+
+        sample_rate = struct.unpack("<I", wav_file.read(4))[0]
+        # if sample_rate != 44_100 and sample_rate != 48_000:
+        #    raise ValueError(f"WAV sample rate of {sample_rate} invalid. Only 44.1KHz or 48KHz audio are supported")
+
+        _ = struct.unpack("<I", wav_file.read(4))[0]    # byte_rate
+        _ = struct.unpack("<H", wav_file.read(2))[0]    # block_align
+        bits_per_sample = struct.unpack("<H", wav_file.read(2))[0]
+
+        # usually the sub chunk2 ID ("data") comes next, but
+        # some online MP3->WAV converters add
+        # binary data before "data".  So, read a fairly large
+        # block of bytes and search for "data".
+
+        binary_block = wav_file.read(200)
+        offset = binary_block.find(b"data")
+        if offset == -1:
+            raise ValueError("WAV sub chunk 2 ID not found")
+
+        wav_file.seek(40)
+        sub_chunk2_size = struct.unpack("<I", wav_file.read(4))[0]
+
+        return (format, sample_rate, bits_per_sample, 44 + offset, sub_chunk2_size)

micropython/examples/cosmic_unicorn/audio/countdown_with_alarm.py

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+from machine import Timer
+from audio import WavPlayer
+from cosmic import CosmicUnicorn
+from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_COSMIC_UNICORN as DISPLAY
+import time
+
+cu = CosmicUnicorn()
+graphics = PicoGraphics(DISPLAY)
+
+graphics.set_font("bitmap6")
+WHITE = graphics.create_pen(255, 255, 255)
+BLUE = graphics.create_pen(0, 0, 255)
+CLEAR = graphics.create_pen(0, 0, 0)
+RED = graphics.create_pen(255, 0, 0)
+GREEN = graphics.create_pen(0, 255, 0)
+cu.set_brightness(0.7)
+
+audio = WavPlayer(0, 10, 11, 9, amp_enable=22)
+
+
+class Countdown(object):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.timer_running = False
+        self.total_seconds = 0
+        self.timer = None
+
+    def process_input(self):
+        if cu.is_pressed(CosmicUnicorn.SWITCH_VOLUME_UP):
+            self.total_seconds += 1
+        if cu.is_pressed(CosmicUnicorn.SWITCH_VOLUME_DOWN):
+            if self.total_seconds > 0:
+                self.total_seconds -= 1
+        if cu.is_pressed(CosmicUnicorn.SWITCH_SLEEP):
+            self.start_timer()
+
+    def display_time(self):
+        seconds = self.total_seconds % (24 * 3600)
+        seconds %= 3600
+        minutes = seconds // 60
+        seconds %= 60
+
+        # Add leading zeros to the minutes and seconds
+        if len(str(minutes)) == 1:
+            minutes = "0{}".format(minutes)
+        if len(str(seconds)) == 1:
+            seconds = "0{}".format(seconds)
+
+        return "{}:{}".format(minutes, seconds)
+
+    def draw(self):
+        graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(0, 0, 0))
+        graphics.clear()
+
+        graphics.set_pen(BLUE)
+        graphics.circle(0, 0, 12)
+        graphics.set_pen(GREEN)
+        graphics.circle(25, 30, 5)
+        graphics.set_pen(RED)
+        graphics.circle(0, 32, 12)
+
+        graphics.set_pen(CLEAR)
+        graphics.rectangle(0, 11, CosmicUnicorn.WIDTH, 9)
+
+        graphics.set_pen(WHITE)
+        graphics.text(self.display_time(), 4, 12, -1, 1)
+        cu.update(graphics)
+
+    def start_timer(self):
+        if not self.timer_running:
+            self.timer = Timer(mode=Timer.PERIODIC, period=1000, callback=self.countdown)
+            self.timer_running = True
+
+    def reset(self):
+        self.timer.deinit()
+        self.timer_running = False
+
+    def countdown(self, arg):
+
+        if self.total_seconds == 0:
+            audio.play_wav("doorbell.wav", False)
+            self.reset()
+        else:
+            self.total_seconds -= 1
+
+
+count = Countdown()
+
+while 1:
+    count.process_input()
+    count.draw()
+    time.sleep(0.07)