test(trie-db): add checks for tree mask invariant

[fgimenez]

Ref: #12129

The invariant checked is: for each branch node in trie nodes with path, for each position with 1 in its tree mask, there must be branch nodes in trie updates at paths path-position.

For instance, for branch node at path 0x01 with tree mask 0100000001010101, in trie updates we must have branch nodes at paths 0x010, 0x012, 0x014, 0x016, 0x01e (the mask indicates child nibbles but it goes from the right to left)

[fgimenez]

Closing for now, will reopen once we focus on #12129