Stop abusing OPTE's source NAT configuration for external IPs

[bnaecker]

• Update OPTE dep to include the API that allows setting an external IP
  address explicitly, rather than abusing the SNAT configuration for
  that
• Carve up SNAT addresses into port ranges of 16K. We previously used
  the entire port range, since OPTE used the whole range anyway to allow
  inbound connections on any port. This allows 16K outbound connections
  from guests that don't need inbound, which is a reasonable starting
  point.
• Add explicit SNAT and external IP addresses to the sled agent and
  client-library types, as well as the representation of instances and
  OPTE ports.

[bnaecker]

Here are a few details about testing. I populated images using the script at tools/populate/populate-images.sh, and then created two guests using the Debian image. The IPs those were assigned are:

bnaecker@feldspar : ~/omicron $ oxide api /organizations/o/projects/p/instances/i0/external-ips
[
  {
    "ip": "192.168.1.211",
    "kind": "ephemeral"
  }
]
bnaecker@feldspar : ~/omicron $ oxide api /organizations/o/projects/p/instances/i1/external-ips
[
  {
    "ip": "192.168.1.212",
    "kind": "ephemeral"
  }
]

I can verify that pings make it through, and I can SSH into the guests:

bnaecker@feldspar : ~/omicron $ ping 192.168.1.211
192.168.1.211 is alive
bnaecker@feldspar : ~/omicron $ ping 192.168.1.212
192.168.1.212 is alive
bnaecker@feldspar : ~/omicron $ ssh -i demo [email protected]
The authenticity of host '192.168.1.211 (192.168.1.211)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:nbDot/N3qT8kfVqLRTzENqIADojiQyuq/w6f2Mixf84.
This key is not known by any other names
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.211' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
Linux myinst 5.10.0-16-cloud-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.10.127-1 (2022-06-30) x86_64

The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
debian@myinst:~$ ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s8: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether a8:40:25:fe:ea:5a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.30.0.5/32 brd 172.30.0.5 scope global dynamic enp0s8
       valid_lft 86280sec preferred_lft 86280sec
    inet6 fe80::aa40:25ff:fefe:ea5a/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
debian@myinst:~$ ping -c 4 172.30.0.6
PING 172.30.0.6 (172.30.0.6) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.30.0.6: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.340 ms
64 bytes from 172.30.0.6: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.395 ms
64 bytes from 172.30.0.6: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.275 ms
64 bytes from 172.30.0.6: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.256 ms

--- 172.30.0.6 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3071ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.256/0.316/0.395/0.055 ms
debian@myinst:~$

Note that I can also ping i1 from i0, i.e., guest-to-guest is now working well. Those addresses are from the VPC Subnet, and we can see them here:

bnaecker@feldspar : ~/omicron $ oxide api /organizations/o/projects/p/vpcs/default/subnets/default/network-interfaces
{
  "items": [
    {
      "description": "default primary interface for i0",
      "id": "a98e02f5-ed18-4411-abed-a7fbe9cd0781",
      "instance_id": "56525c9e-da4d-40b6-a0b7-c3c1467dac80",
      "ip": "172.30.0.5",
      "mac": "A8:40:25:FE:EA:5A",
      "name": "net0",
      "primary": true,
      "subnet_id": "e1acdd79-5b4d-435e-9f91-3784e9ac2449",
      "time_created": "2022-07-22T18:47:24.106830Z",
      "time_modified": "2022-07-22T18:47:24.106830Z",
      "vpc_id": "2981145c-7126-4593-8c1b-6ff0f162c534"
    },
    {
      "description": "default primary interface for i1",
      "id": "c12389c9-234d-42cb-b3e5-a108926c9e86",
      "instance_id": "44bf8faa-7716-4e32-881c-742be319e485",
      "ip": "172.30.0.6",
      "mac": "A8:40:25:FE:BA:3E",
      "name": "net0",
      "primary": true,
      "subnet_id": "e1acdd79-5b4d-435e-9f91-3784e9ac2449",
      "time_created": "2022-07-22T18:47:36.897538Z",
      "time_modified": "2022-07-22T18:47:36.897538Z",
      "vpc_id": "2981145c-7126-4593-8c1b-6ff0f162c534"
    }
  ],
  "next_page": "eyJ2IjoidjEiLCJwYWdlX3N0YXJ0Ijp7InNvcnRfYnkiOiJuYW1lX2FzY2VuZGluZyIsImxhc3Rfc2VlbiI6Im5ldDAifX0="
}
bnaecker@feldspar : ~/omicron $

[bnaecker]

This also addresses #1471