Speedup 2:1 pools, and separate pow benchmarks to a separate file

x/gamm/keeper/math.go

@@ -10,6 +10,12 @@ import (
 // TODO: Analyze choice here
 var powPrecision, _ = sdk.NewDecFromStr("0.00000001")
 
+// Singletons
+var zero sdk.Dec = sdk.ZeroDec()
+var one_half sdk.Dec = sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("0.5")
+var one sdk.Dec = sdk.OneDec()
+var two sdk.Dec = sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("2")
+
 // calcSpotPrice returns the spot price of the pool
 // This is the weight-adjusted balance of the tokens in the pool.
 // so spot_price = (B_in / W_in) / (B_out / W_out)
@@ -77,7 +83,7 @@ func calcInGivenOut(
 	diff := tokenBalanceOut.Sub(tokenAmountOut)
 	y := tokenBalanceOut.Quo(diff)
 	foo := pow(y, weightRatio)
-	foo = foo.Sub(sdk.OneDec())
+	foo = foo.Sub(one)
 	tokenAmountIn := sdk.OneDec().Sub(swapFee)
 	return (tokenBalanceIn.Mul(foo)).Quo(tokenAmountIn)
 
@@ -191,7 +197,8 @@ func calcPoolInGivenSingleOut(
 
 /*********************************************************/
 
-func subSign(a, b sdk.Dec) (sdk.Dec, bool) {
+// absDifferenceWithSign returns | a - b |, (a - b).sign()
+func absDifferenceWithSign(a, b sdk.Dec) (sdk.Dec, bool) {
 	if a.GTE(b) {
 		return a.Sub(b), false
 	} else {
@@ -208,18 +215,18 @@ func pow(base sdk.Dec, exp sdk.Dec) sdk.Dec {
 	// You can see this by recalling that `i = (-1)^(.5)`. We have to go to complex numbers to define this.
 	// (And would have to implement complex logarithms)
 	// We don't have a need for negative bases, so we don't include any such logic.
-	if base.LTE(sdk.ZeroDec()) {
-		panic(fmt.Errorf("base have to be greater than zero"))
+	if !base.IsPositive() {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("base must be greater than 0"))
 	}
-	// TODO: Remove this, we can do a
-	if base.GTE(sdk.OneDec().MulInt64(2)) {
-		panic(fmt.Errorf("base have to be lesser than two"))
+	// TODO: Remove this if we want to generalize the function,
+	// we can adjust the algorithm in this setting.
+	if base.GTE(two) {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("base must be lesser than two"))
 	}
 
 	// We will use an approximation algorithm to compute the power.
 	// Since computing an integer power is easy, we split up the exponent into
 	// an integer component and a fractional component.
-	// a
 	integer := exp.TruncateDec()
 	fractional := exp.Sub(integer)
 
@@ -229,28 +236,38 @@ func pow(base sdk.Dec, exp sdk.Dec) sdk.Dec {
 		return integerPow
 	}
 
-	partialResult := powApprox(base, fractional, powPrecision)
+	fractionalPow := powApprox(base, fractional, powPrecision)
 
-	return integerPow.Mul(partialResult)
+	return integerPow.Mul(fractionalPow)
 }
 
+// Contract: 0 < base < 2
 func powApprox(base sdk.Dec, exp sdk.Dec, precision sdk.Dec) sdk.Dec {
-	if base.LTE(sdk.ZeroDec()) {
-		panic(fmt.Errorf("base must be greater than zero"))
+	if exp.IsZero() {
+		return sdk.ZeroDec()
 	}
-	if base.GTE(sdk.OneDec().MulInt64(2)) {
-		panic(fmt.Errorf("base must be less than two"))
+
+	// Common case optimization
+	// Optimize for it being equal to one-half
+	if exp.Equal(one_half) {
+		output, err := base.ApproxSqrt()
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+		return output
 	}
+	// TODO: Make an approx-equal function, and then check if exp * 3 = 1, and do a check accordingly
 
 	a := exp
-	x, xneg := subSign(base, sdk.OneDec())
+	x, xneg := absDifferenceWithSign(base, one)
 	term := sdk.OneDec()
 	sum := sdk.OneDec()
 	negative := false
 
+	// TODO: Document this computation via taylor expansion
 	for i := 1; term.GTE(precision); i++ {
 		bigK := sdk.OneDec().MulInt64(int64(i))
-		c, cneg := subSign(a, bigK.Sub(sdk.OneDec()))
+		c, cneg := absDifferenceWithSign(a, bigK.Sub(one))
 		term = term.Mul(c.Mul(x))
 		term = term.Quo(bigK)
 

x/gamm/keeper/math_test.go

@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-func TestSubSign(t *testing.T) {
+func TestAbsDifferenceWithSign(t *testing.T) {
 	decA, err := sdk.NewDecFromStr("3.2")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	decB, err := sdk.NewDecFromStr("4.3432389")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	s, b := subSign(decA, decB)
+	s, b := absDifferenceWithSign(decA, decB)
 	require.True(t, b)
 
 	expectedDec, err := sdk.NewDecFromStr("1.1432389")
@@ -272,57 +272,3 @@ func TestCalcPoolInGivenSingleOut(t *testing.T) {
 		"expected value & actual value's difference should less than precision*10000",
 	)
 }
-
-func BenchmarkPow(b *testing.B) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		base sdk.Dec
-		exp  sdk.Dec
-	}{
-		{
-			base: sdk.NewDecWithPrec(12, 1),
-			exp:  sdk.NewDecWithPrec(12, 1),
-		},
-		{
-			base: sdk.NewDecWithPrec(5, 1),
-			exp:  sdk.NewDecWithPrec(11122, 3),
-		},
-		{
-			base: sdk.NewDecWithPrec(1, 1),
-			exp:  sdk.NewDecWithPrec(492, 8),
-		},
-		{
-			base: sdk.NewDecWithPrec(2423, 7),
-			exp:  sdk.NewDecWithPrec(1213, 1),
-		},
-		{
-			base: sdk.NewDecWithPrec(493, 3),
-			exp:  sdk.NewDecWithPrec(121, 8),
-		},
-		{
-			base: sdk.NewDecWithPrec(249, 6),
-			exp:  sdk.NewDecWithPrec(2304, 1),
-		},
-		{
-			base: sdk.NewDecWithPrec(2342, 4),
-			exp:  sdk.NewDecWithPrec(322, 1),
-		},
-		{
-			base: sdk.NewDecWithPrec(999, 6),
-			exp:  sdk.NewDecWithPrec(1424, 1),
-		},
-		{
-			base: sdk.NewDecWithPrec(1234, 3),
-			exp:  sdk.NewDecWithPrec(1203, 1),
-		},
-		{
-			base: sdk.NewDecWithPrec(122, 5),
-			exp:  sdk.NewDecWithPrec(1232, 1),
-		},
-	}
-
-	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		for _, test := range tests {
-			pow(test.base, test.exp)
-		}
-	}
-}

x/gamm/keeper/pow_bench_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package keeper
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	sdk "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types"
+)
+
+func BenchmarkPow(b *testing.B) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		base sdk.Dec
+		exp  sdk.Dec
+	}{
+		// TODO: Choose selection here more robustly
+		{
+			base: sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("1.2"),
+			exp:  sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("1.2"),
+		},
+		{
+			base: sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("0.5"),
+			exp:  sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("11.122"),
+		},
+		{
+			base: sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("0.1"),
+			exp:  sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("0.00000492"),
+		},
+		{
+			base: sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("0.0002423"),
+			exp:  sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("0.1234"),
+		},
+		{
+			base: sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("0.493"),
+			exp:  sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("0.00000121"),
+		},
+		{
+			base: sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("0.000249"),
+			exp:  sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("2.304"),
+		},
+		{
+			base: sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("0.2342"),
+			exp:  sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("32.2"),
+		},
+		{
+			base: sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("0.000999"),
+			exp:  sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("142.4"),
+		},
+		{
+			base: sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("1.234"),
+			exp:  sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("120.3"),
+		},
+		{
+			base: sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("0.00122"),
+			exp:  sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("123.2"),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		for _, test := range tests {
+			pow(test.base, test.exp)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSqrtPow(b *testing.B) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		base sdk.Dec
+	}{
+		// TODO: Choose selection here more robustly
+		{
+			base: sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("1.29847"),
+		},
+		{
+			base: sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("1.313135"),
+		},
+		{
+			base: sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("1.65976735939"),
+		},
+	}
+	one_half := sdk.MustNewDecFromStr("0.5")
+
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		for _, test := range tests {
+			pow(test.base, one_half)
+		}
+	}
+}