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Override karaf console settings in runtime.cfg #2220

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Feb 5, 2024
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Override karaf console settings in runtime.cfg #2220

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77 changes: 53 additions & 24 deletions administration/console.md
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ The first successful connection triggers generation of the Karaf remote console

::: tip Note
On slower systems, such as Raspberry Pi or Pine64, this first SSH connection may even time out.
If this happens, simply try connecting again until successful.
If this happened, simply try connecting again until successful.
:::

## Using the Console
Expand All @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ After successful connection and authentication, the console will appear:
/ _ \ / _ \ / _ \ / _ \ | |_| | / _ \ | _ \
| (_) | (_) | __/| | | || _ | / ___ \ | |_) )
\___/| __/ \___/|_| |_||_| |_|/_/ \_\|____/
|_| 3.0.0 - Release Build
|_| 4.2.0 - Release Build

Use '<tab>' for a list of available commands
and '[cmd] --help' for help on a specific command.
Expand All @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ To exit, use '<ctrl-d>' or 'logout'.
openhab>
```

The command `help` is listing all available commands or describes a specific subsystem/command:
The command `help` lists all available commands or describes a specific subsystem/command:

```text
openhab> help
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -109,15 +109,15 @@ Another useful feature is the combination of the `|` (pipe) and `grep` functiona

```text
openhab> bundle:list | grep openHAB
128 x Active x 80 x 3.0.0 x openHAB Core :: Bundles :: Core
129 x Active x 80 x 3.0.0 x openHAB Core :: Bundles :: Audio
130 x Active x 80 x 3.0.0 x openHAB Core :: Bundles :: JAAS Authentication
131 x Active x 80 x 3.0.0 x openHAB Core :: Bundles :: OAuth2Client
132 x Active x 80 x 3.0.0 x openHAB Core :: Bundles :: Automation
135 │ Active │ 80 │ 4.2.0 │ openHAB Core :: Bundles :: Core
136 │ Active │ 80 │ 4.2.0 │ openHAB Core :: Bundles :: Add-on XML
137 │ Active │ 80 │ 4.2.0 │ openHAB Core :: Bundles :: Audio
138 │ Active │ 80 │ 4.2.0 │ openHAB Core :: Bundles :: Automation
139 │ Active │ 80 │ 4.2.0 │ openHAB Core :: Bundles :: Automation Media Modules
...
```

The session is ended by using the logout command:
The session is ended by using the logout command (or by pressing ctrl-d):

```text
openhab> logout
Expand All @@ -133,15 +133,24 @@ Changing the console password, interface, and port is described here.

The pertinent files controlling console settings are stored under `$OPENHAB_USERDATA/etc/`:

| File | Purpose |
|------------------------------|--------------------------------|
| `org.apache.karaf.shell.cfg` | Controls most console settings |
| `users.properties` | Stores console password |
| File | Purpose |
| ---------------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
| `org.apache.karaf.shell.cfg` | Controls most console settings |
| `users.properties` | Stores the list of users and passwords |
| `keys.properties` | Stores the list of users and ssh keys |

The exact locations of these files will vary based on your platform and installation method, e.g. `/var/lib/openhab/etc/` or `openhab/userdata/etc/`.

Be aware that the these files may get overwritten when upgrading openHAB.
To add custom parameters or overwrite the default values, you can change the configuration file `runtime.cfg` which can be found in the `$OPENHAB_CONF/services` directory, e.g. `/etc/openhab/services/runtime.cfg`.
Be aware that these files may get overwritten when upgrading openHAB.
You can customize any of the console settings from `org.apache.karaf.shell.cfg` by adding the relevant entries inside the `runtime.cfg` file which can be found in the `$OPENHAB_CONF/services` directory, e.g. `/etc/openhab/services/runtime.cfg`.
When adding your custom settings into `runtime.cfg`, prefix the configuration key with `org.apache.karaf.shell:`. See the examples in the sections below.

:::tip Note
The users and passwords here are not to be confused with the web UI login.
The users listed in the above files are for logging into the console.

To manage web UI users, use `openhab:users` console command.
:::

### Changing the Password

Expand All @@ -161,14 +170,11 @@ Please restart openHAB for the changes to take effect. The clear text password w

### Bind Console to All Interfaces

The network interface configuration is defined in the file `org.apache.karaf.shell.cfg`, located in the `etc` directory as [mentioned above](#console-settings-files-and-directories).
As this file may get overwritten when upgrading openHAB, you can change this parameter in the `runtime.cfg` file which can be found in the `$OPENHAB_CONF/services` directory, e.g. `/etc/openhab/services/runtime.cfg`.

The `sshHost` entry controls the interface address to bind to.
`sshHost = 127.0.0.1` (localhost) is the default due to obvious security reasons.
If you are on a secure network or you are fully aware of all of the risks of exposing your system to the public, you can change the bind address.
Replace the `sshHost` IP `127.0.0.1` by `0.0.0.0` to bind to all available network interfaces.
Please be aware that the console will now be accessible from all devices in your subnet and only secured by the password defined in `users.properties` (same path).
Please be aware that the console will now be accessible from any device that can reach this host and it is only secured by the password defined in `users.properties` (same path).
You should therefore [change the password](#changing-the-password)!
Depending on your network configuration the console may also be exposed to the public internet, so check your routing and firewall configuration.

Expand All @@ -180,15 +186,38 @@ in `services/runtime.cfg`.

### Change the Port Number

The SSH port configuration is done through the file `org.apache.karaf.shell.cfg`, located in the `etc` directory as [mentioned above](#console-settings-files-and-directories).
The `sshPort` entry controls the port number.
`sshPort = 8101` is the default, but can be changed to any available port of your choosing.
`sshPort = 8101` is the default.

To change it, add the following line to the `runtime.cfg` file inside `$OPENHAB_CONF/services` directory.

```shell
org.apache.karaf.shell:sshPort = 1234
```

Alternately, run the following Linux shell command, which will perform the replacement for you.
Substitute `1234` with your desired port number.
Depending on your system, you may have to substitute [the directory](#console-settings-files-and-directories) at the end of the command.

```sudo sed -i -e "s/sshPort = .*/sshPort = 1234/g" /var/lib/openhab/etc/org.apache.karaf.shell.cfg```
### Using Key-Based Authentication

The Karaf console can also accept key-based authentication to enable passwordless login.
The list of users with their associated key is stored in the `keys.properties` file inside the `$OPENHAB_USERDATA/etc/` directory.
The format of this file is: `[username]=[key],_g_:admingroup`.

To set up passwordless login, create your ssh key-pair if you haven't got one, e.g. using ssh-keygen, or PuTTYgen.
Then add the public key into the `keys.properties` file.

For example, to allow user `openhab` to login with key-based authentication:

```shell
openhab=AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAAAgQC49lufVEVq9uCzLeCdP84ubVZioQl2NRjjBZiil7vvRZzEuFBP8gnkc+6SHsDibH858gcfYg5dHrpW0yfFV6FUi0CSB3hrSisI2LDXcB8gxvVRKqL0nM9ITqesNiDfUPP1UL00+N4sqTGIjwaBmo5c6bpfxJE9C59VQBL412t9tQ==,_g_:admingroup
```

The username `openhab` above is not a special username.
It can be anything that you prefer.
Multiple login/keys can be added into this file.

Note that this does not automatically disable the password-based login.
For security reasons, be sure to [change the default password](#changing-the-password), or remove the user from password login if your host is publicly accessible.

## More Information

Expand Down
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