Add hooks for aiohttp, asgi, starlette, fastAPI, urllib, urllib3

[ryokather]

Description

This PR implements request and response hooks for the remaining web framework instrumentations excluding the requests instrumentation (see notes). These hooks enable users to customize behavior (ex: update span name), record additional information, and/or allow injecting tracing-related data from incoming/outgoing requests/responses. Hooks were implemented in line with what was previously implemented in other instrumentations as well as what was specified in issue #408.

Any previous usage of a span_name or span_detail callback was removed as its functionality of customizing a span_name is achievable through request/response_hooks.

Additionally, in the asgi instrumentation the existing span_details_callback was kept and renamed to default_span_details. This is because the FastAPI and Starlette instrumentation, which utilizes the asgi framework, requires all created spans to use FastAPI/Starlette routes as the span name. This function essentially provides the ability to configure the default span name that all spans would use.

This PR fixes issues #135, #136, #412 in addition to implementing hooks for the asgi and aiohttp-client instrumentations.

Type of change

• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)

Any previous usage of span_name modifications would not work. Instead, implemented request and response hooks should be utilized.

How Has This Been Tested?

An additional test called test_hooks was implemented in each of the updated instrumentations: aiohttp-client, asgi, fastapi, starlette, urllib, urllib3. Tests were executed locally using tox.

Notes

1. Hooks were not implemented for the request instrumentation [Requests] Replace span name callback with request and response hooks #411. This is because the wrapper for Session.request provides no ability to access a request-like object which is necessary for a request_hook so this instrumentation was left for further discussion.
2. In the Starlette and FastAPI instrumentations, the asynchronous function wrapped_recieve() is never invoked so a receive_span is never created. This means that the client_request_hook is never called and thus this was not tested in the Starlette and FastAPI instrumentations. However, this functionality is tested in the asgi framework and is deemed to work.

Does This PR Require a Core Repo Change?

• Yes. - Link to PR:
• No.

Checklist:

See contributing.md for styleguide, changelog guidelines, and more.

• Followed the style guidelines of this project
• Changelogs have been updated
• Unit tests have been added
• Documentation has been updated

[srikanthccv]

Wondering if it makes sense to move these to the base instrumentation code?

[ryokather]

Imo they shouldn't because each instrumentation can have different types for the hooks e.g. Urllib has the following types. Starlette and FastAPI have the same types as they both use aiohttp

_RequestHookT = typing.Optional[
     typing.Callable[[Span, urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool], None]
 ]
 _ResponseHookT = typing.Optional[
     typing.Callable[
         [
             Span,
             urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool,
             urllib3.response.HTTPResponse,
         ],
         None,
     ]
 ] 

[lzchen]

Suggested change

	- [576] `opentelemetry-instrumentation-asgi`, `opentelemetry-instrumentation-aiohttp-client`, `openetelemetry-instrumentation-fastapi`, `opentelemetry-instrumentation-starlette`, `opentelemetry-instrumentation-urllib`, `opentelemetry-instrumentation-urllib3` Added `request_hook` and `response_hook` callbacks ([#576](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python-contrib/pull/576))
	- `opentelemetry-instrumentation-asgi`, `opentelemetry-instrumentation-aiohttp-client`, `openetelemetry-instrumentation-fastapi`, `opentelemetry-instrumentation-starlette`, `opentelemetry-instrumentation-urllib`, `opentelemetry-instrumentation-urllib3` Added `request_hook` and `response_hook` callbacks ([#576](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python-contrib/pull/576))

[lzchen]

Suggested change

	### Changed
	### Added

[ryokather]

@lzchen updated the CHANGELOG format. Let me know if there's anything we can do about the docs issue

[lzchen]

@ryokather
Please fix the build and then we can get this merged.

[ryokather]

@lzchen docs issue fixed 👍