Propagation in case of remote parent

[vishweshbankwar]

Fixes #.

Changes

Please provide a brief description of the changes here.

Adding unit test for scenario described in #3315. Will create a follow-up PR with TraceProviderSDK changes if the proposal looks ok.

For significant contributions please make sure you have completed the following items:

• Appropriate CHANGELOG.md updated for non-trivial changes
• Design discussion issue #
• Changes in public API reviewed

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #3310 (ff4c58a) into main (3b0e759) will decrease coverage by 0.01%.
The diff coverage is n/a.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3310      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   85.42%   85.41%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         269      269              
  Lines        9552     9552              
==========================================
- Hits         8160     8159       -1     
- Misses       1392     1393       +1     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...heus/Implementation/PrometheusCollectionManager.cs	79.74% <0.00%> (-2.54%)	⬇️
...Telemetry/Internal/SelfDiagnosticsEventListener.cs	96.87% <0.00%> (-0.79%)	⬇️
src/OpenTelemetry/BatchExportProcessor.cs	83.80% <0.00%> (+1.90%)	⬆️