Translated 10-git-internals/sections/refspec

book/10-git-internals/sections/refspec.asc

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-[[_refspec]]
-=== The Refspec
+[[_引用表达式]]
+=== 引用表达式（Refspec）
 
-Throughout this book, we've used simple mappings from remote branches to local references, but they can be more complex.
-Suppose you add a remote like this:
+纵观全书，我们已经使用过一些诸如远程分支到本地引用的简单映射方式，但是还有更复杂的。
+假设你添加了这样一个远程：
 
 [source,console]
 ----
 $ git remote add origin https://github.com/schacon/simplegit-progit
 ----
 
-It adds a section to your `.git/config` file, specifying the name of the remote (`origin`), the URL of the remote repository, and the refspec for fetching:
+上面的命令将在你的 `.git/config` 文件中添加一个小节，指定了远程的名称 (`origin`)，远程仓库的URL地址，和用于获取操作的引用表达式（Refspec）：
 
 [source,ini]
 ----
@@ -18,11 +18,7 @@ It adds a section to your `.git/config` file, specifying the name of the remote
 	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
 ----
 
-The format of the refspec is an optional `+`, followed by `<src>:<dst>`, where `<src>` is the pattern for references on the remote side and `<dst>` is where those references will be written locally.
-The `+` tells Git to update the reference even if it isn't a fast-forward.
-
-In the default case that is automatically written by a `git remote add` command, Git fetches all the references under `refs/heads/` on the server and writes them to `refs/remotes/origin/` locally.
-So, if there is a `master` branch on the server, you can access the log of that branch locally via
+引用表达式（refspec）的格式是由一个可选的 `+` 号和 `<src>:<dst>` 组成，这里 `<src>` 是远程上的引用格式， `<dst>` 是将要记录在本地的引用格式。可选的 `+` 号告诉 Git 即使不能快速演进，也要强制更新引用格式。默认情况下引用表达式（refspec）会由 `git remote add` 命令自动生成， Git 获取服务器中 `refs/heads/` 下面的所有引用，并将它写入到本地的 `refs/remotes/origin/`中。 所以，如果服务器上有一个 `master` 分支，即可在本地通过下面这种方式来访问分支记录：
 
 [source,console]
 ----
@@ -31,26 +27,23 @@ $ git log remotes/origin/master
 $ git log refs/remotes/origin/master
 ----
 
-They're all equivalent, because Git expands each of them to `refs/remotes/origin/master`.
+上面的三个命令作用相同，因为 Git 把它们都扩展成 `refs/remotes/origin/master`。
 
-If you want Git instead to pull down only the `master` branch each time, and not every other branch on the remote server, you can change the fetch line to
+如果想让 Git 每次只拉取远程的 `master` 分支，而不是远程的所有分支，可以把 `fetch` 行修改为：
 
 [source]
 ----
 fetch = +refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master
 ----
 
-This is just the default refspec for `git fetch` for that remote.
-If you want to do something one time, you can specify the refspec on the command line, too.
-To pull the `master` branch on the remote down to `origin/mymaster` locally, you can run
+这只是针对远程的 `git fetch` 操作的默认引用表达式（refspec）。而如果只想做一次该操作，也可以在命令行上指定引用表达式（refspec）。拉取远程的 `master` 分支到本地的 `origin/mymaster` 分支，可以运行：
 
 [source,console]
 ----
 $ git fetch origin master:refs/remotes/origin/mymaster
 ----
 
-You can also specify multiple refspecs.
-On the command line, you can pull down several branches like so:
+也可以指定多个引用表达式（refspec）。像下面的命令行，可以一次拉取远程的多个分支：
 
 [source,console]
 ----
@@ -61,11 +54,9 @@ From [email protected]:schacon/simplegit
  * [new branch]      topic      -> origin/topic
 ----
 
-In this case, the  master branch pull was rejected because it wasn't a fast-forward reference.
-You can override that by specifying the `+` in front of the refspec.
+在这个例子中，`master` 分支的拉取操作被拒绝，因为该分支不是一个可以快速演进的引用。可以通过在引用表达式（refspec）之前使用 `+` 号来强制更新。
 
-You can also specify multiple refspecs for fetching in your configuration file.
-If you want to always fetch the master and experiment branches, add two lines:
+也可以在配置文件中指定多个引用表达式（refspec）。如果想在每次获取时都包括 `master` 和 `experiment` 分支，添加如下两行：
 
 [source,ini]
 ----
@@ -75,15 +66,15 @@ If you want to always fetch the master and experiment branches, add two lines:
 	fetch = +refs/heads/experiment:refs/remotes/origin/experiment
 ----
 
-You can't use partial globs in the pattern, so this would be invalid:
+注意这里不能使用部分通配符，所以下面这样就是不合法的：
 
 [source]
 ----
 fetch = +refs/heads/qa*:refs/remotes/origin/qa*
 ----
 
-However, you can use namespaces (or directories) to accomplish something like that.
-If you have a QA team that pushes a series of branches, and you want to get the master branch and any of the QA team's branches but nothing else, you can use a config section like this:
+但可以使用命名空间（或文件路径）来达到这个目的。
+如您有一个QA团队，他们推送一系列分支。您每次只想获取 `master` 分支和QA团队的所有分支，可以使用如下配置段落：
 
 [source,ini]
 ----
@@ -93,22 +84,19 @@ If you have a QA team that pushes a series of branches, and you want to get the
 	fetch = +refs/heads/qa/*:refs/remotes/origin/qa/*
 ----
 
-If you have a complex workflow process that has a QA team pushing branches, developers pushing branches, and integration teams pushing and collaborating on remote branches, you can namespace them easily this way.
-
-[[_pushing_refspecs]]
-==== Pushing Refspecs
+如果工作流很复杂，有QA团队推送的分支、开发人员推送的分支、还有集成团队推送并且在远程分支上协作，可以为他们创建各自的命名空间解决类似问题。
 
-It's nice that you can fetch namespaced references that way, but how does the QA team get their branches into a `qa/` namespace in the first place?
-You accomplish that by using refspecs to push.
+[[_推送_引用表达式]]
+==== 推送引用表达式（refspec）
 
-If the QA team wants to push their `master` branch to `qa/master` on the remote server, they can run
+采用命名空间的方式来获取分支是个好主意，但QA组成员如何将他们的分支开始推送到 `qa/` 空间里面的呢？答案是通过引用表达式（refspec）的推送来完成。如果QA团队想把他们的 `master` 分支推送到远程服务器的 `qa/master` 分支上，可以运行：
 
 [source,console]
 ----
 $ git push origin master:refs/heads/qa/master
 ----
 
-If they want Git to do that automatically each time they run `git push origin`, they can add a `push` value to their config file:
+如果他们希望 `Git` 每次运行 `git push origin` 时都如上这样推送，他们可以在配置文件中添加一个 `push` 值：
 
 [source,ini]
 ----
@@ -118,15 +106,16 @@ If they want Git to do that automatically each time they run `git push origin`,
 	push = refs/heads/master:refs/heads/qa/master
 ----
 
-Again, this will cause a `git push origin` to push the local `master` branch to the remote `qa/master` branch by default.
+同样的，这就会让 `git push origin` 默认就把本地的 `master` 分支推送到远程的 `qa/master` 分支上。
 
 ==== Deleting References
+==== 删除引用
 
-You can also use the refspec to delete references from the remote server by running something like this:
+您也可以使用引用表达式（refspec）来删除远程服务器的引用，运行如下命令：
 
 [source,console]
 ----
 $ git push origin :topic
 ----
 
-Because the refspec is `<src>:<dst>`, by leaving off the `<src>` part, this basically says to make the topic branch on the remote nothing, which deletes it.
+因为引用表达式（refspec）的格式是 `<src>:<dst>`, 所以把 `<src>` 留空的意思就是把远程的 `topic` 分支定义为空值，也就是删除它。