Start tracking quoting style in the AST (astral-sh#10298)

This PR modifies our AST so that nodes for string literals, bytes literals and f-strings all retain the following information:
- The quoting style used (double or single quotes)
- Whether the string is triple-quoted or not
- Whether the string is raw or not

This PR is a followup to astral-sh#10256. Like with that PR, this PR does not, in itself, fix any bugs. However, it means that we will have the necessary information to preserve quoting style and rawness of strings in the `ExprGenerator` in a followup PR, which will allow us to provide a fix for astral-sh#7799.

The information is recorded on the AST nodes using a bitflag field on each node, similarly to how we recorded the information on `Tok::String`, `Tok::FStringStart` and `Tok::FStringMiddle` tokens in astral-sh#10298. Rather than reusing the bitflag I used for the tokens, however, I decided to create a custom bitflag for each AST node.

Using different bitflags for each node allows us to make invalid states unrepresentable: it is valid to set a `u` prefix on a string literal, but not on a bytes literal or an f-string. It also allows us to have better debug representations for each AST node modified in this PR.

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_quotes/settings.rs

@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ impl Default for Quote {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<ruff_python_parser::QuoteStyle> for Quote {
-    fn from(value: ruff_python_parser::QuoteStyle) -> Self {
+impl From<ruff_python_ast::str::QuoteStyle> for Quote {
+    fn from(value: ruff_python_ast::str::QuoteStyle) -> Self {
         match value {
-            ruff_python_parser::QuoteStyle::Double => Self::Double,
-            ruff_python_parser::QuoteStyle::Single => Self::Single,
+            ruff_python_ast::str::QuoteStyle::Double => Self::Double,
+            ruff_python_ast::str::QuoteStyle::Single => Self::Single,
         }
     }
 }

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_simplify/rules/ast_expr.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use ast::{StringLiteralFlags, StringLiteralPrefix};
 use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Arguments, Expr};
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
@@ -218,7 +219,13 @@ fn check_os_environ_subscript(checker: &mut Checker, expr: &Expr) {
     );
     let node = ast::StringLiteral {
         value: capital_env_var.into_boxed_str(),
-        unicode: env_var.is_unicode(),
+        flags: StringLiteralFlags::default().with_prefix({
+            if env_var.is_unicode() {
+                StringLiteralPrefix::UString
+            } else {
+                StringLiteralPrefix::None
+            }
+        }),
         ..ast::StringLiteral::default()
     };
     let new_env_var = node.into();

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flynt/rules/static_join_to_fstring.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use ast::FStringFlags;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 
 use crate::fix::edits::pad;
@@ -97,6 +98,7 @@ fn build_fstring(joiner: &str, joinees: &[Expr]) -> Option<Expr> {
     let node = ast::FString {
         elements: f_string_elements,
         range: TextRange::default(),
+        flags: FStringFlags::default(),
     };
     Some(node.into())
 }

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pylint/rules/unspecified_encoding.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
 
+use ast::StringLiteralFlags;
 use ruff_diagnostics::{AlwaysFixableViolation, Diagnostic, Fix};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
 use ruff_python_ast as ast;
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ fn generate_keyword_fix(checker: &Checker, call: &ast::ExprCall) -> Fix {
                 .expr(&Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral {
                     value: ast::StringLiteralValue::single(ast::StringLiteral {
                         value: "locale".to_string().into_boxed_str(),
-                        unicode: false,
+                        flags: StringLiteralFlags::default(),
                         range: TextRange::default(),
                     }),
                     range: TextRange::default(),

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pyupgrade/rules/unicode_kind_prefix.rs

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl AlwaysFixableViolation for UnicodeKindPrefix {
 
 /// UP025
 pub(crate) fn unicode_kind_prefix(checker: &mut Checker, string: &StringLiteral) {
-    if string.unicode {
+    if string.flags.is_u_string() {
         let mut diagnostic = Diagnostic::new(UnicodeKindPrefix, string.range);
         diagnostic.set_fix(Fix::safe_edit(Edit::range_deletion(TextRange::at(
             string.start(),

crates/ruff_python_ast/src/node.rs

@@ -4430,7 +4430,11 @@ impl AstNode for ast::FString {
     where
         V: PreorderVisitor<'a> + ?Sized,
     {
-        let ast::FString { elements, range: _ } = self;
+        let ast::FString {
+            elements,
+            range: _,
+            flags: _,
+        } = self;
 
         for fstring_element in elements {
             visitor.visit_f_string_element(fstring_element);