ci: Cache dependencies to speed up test runs (sourcenetwork#2732)

## Relevant issue(s)
Resolves sourcenetwork#2735 

## Description
In this PR we cache go and rust build/dep states, and restore them if an
action run has same dependency graph. Go cache is around 877 MB and
cargo/rust cache is about 189MB (99MB for macos) so we can roughly have
room for 5 caches (x1 for linux and x1 for macos) before a cache is
dropped / lost.

Notes:
- Github gives us 10GB of cache storage by default.
- Rather than going with the standard practice of using lockfiles to
generate the caching key we will use the mod and toml files, in order to
maximize cache hits. Incase troublesome we can go back to lockfiles.
- This change does not help the change detector. IMO change detector
should move to a separate job, or a new workflow file. (opened
sourcenetwork#2736)


### Demo
- Without cache run (current state):
https://github.com/sourcenetwork/defradb/actions/runs/9554784255?pr=2732
<img
src="https://github.com/sourcenetwork/defradb/assets/30120428/c0b7720a-bd3f-4a01-853f-43d7b135ab76"
width="400" />


- With cache run (after this PR):
https://github.com/sourcenetwork/defradb/actions/runs/9555174699
<img
src="https://github.com/sourcenetwork/defradb/assets/30120428/db9d0bab-7fcb-4255-99f1-bd1d83220795"
width="400" />




## How has this been tested?
- Manual
- `act` tool

.github/workflows/test-and-upload-coverage.yml

@@ -110,6 +110,45 @@ jobs:
           go-version: "1.21"
           check-latest: true
 
+      - name: Set cache paths
+        id: cache-paths
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          echo "GO_CACHE=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+          echo "GO_MODCACHE=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+          echo "CARGO_CACHE=~/.cargo" >> "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+
+      - name: Go cache/restore
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-go-${{ hashFiles('**/go.mod') }}
+          path: |
+            ${{ steps.cache-paths.outputs.GO_CACHE }}
+            ${{ steps.cache-paths.outputs.GO_MODCACHE }}
+
+      - name: Cargo cache/restore
+        # A very cool post: https://blog.arriven.wtf/posts/rust-ci-cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-cargo-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.toml') }}
+            # Here are some directories we shouldn't forget about:
+            # ~/.cargo/.*
+            # ~/.cargo/bin/
+            # ~/.cargo/git/db/
+            # ~/.cargo/registry/cache/
+            # ~/.cargo/registry/index/
+            # **/target/*/*.d
+            # **/target/*/*.rlib
+            # **/target/*/.fingerprint
+            # **/target/*/build
+            # **/target/*/deps
+          path: |
+            ${{ steps.cache-paths.outputs.CARGO_CACHE }}
+            **/target/
+
+      - name: Restore modified time
+        uses: chetan/git-restore-mtime-action@v2
+
       - name: Build dependencies
         run: |
           make deps:modules