Zerone discretizes several ChIP-seq replicates simultaneously and resolves conflicts between them. After the job is done, Zerone checks the results and tells you whether it passes the quality control.
If you use this software, please cite our paper, where you can find all the information on the algorithm in our publication:
P. Cuscó, G. J. Filion, "Zerone: a ChIP-seq discretizer for multiple replicates with built-in quality control", Bioinformatics (2016) 32 (19): 2896-2902. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btw336 http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/content/32/19/2896
Zerone is available as a Linux command line application and as an R package.
We recommend that you use git to keep Zerone updated. You can clone the repository from Github with the following command on a standard terminal.
git clone https://github.com/nanakiksc/zerone.git
If you prefer using SSH cloning, you can use
git clone [email protected]:nanakiksc/zerone
Note that this requires that you already have a Github account and that the computer you are working on has an SSH key registered on GitHub. If this is not the case, follow the instructions from https://help.github.com/articles/generating-ssh-keys/.
Alternatively, if you prefer not to use git, you can download the source code from https://github.com/nanakiksc/zerone/archive/master.zip with the following commands.
wget https://github.com/nanakiksc/zerone/archive/master.zip
unzip master.zip
mv zerone-master zerone
This should create a directory named zerone.
To build Zerone, execute the following from the zerone directory.
cd zerone
make
This should succeed on most Linux systems because make is available by
default. If this is not the case, you can obtain it by typing
sudo apt-get install make on the Ubuntu terminal. Calling make
should create an executable called zerone.
To install the Zerone R package, simply run this command from the
zerone directory.
R CMD INSTALL ZeroneRPackage
Note that you need to have R installed on your computer. If this is not
the case, run the command sudo apt-get install r-base on Ubuntu. If
applicable, you may also append sudo before the command to install the
package system-wide.
To run Zerone, you have to specify the files that contain the mapped
reads of the ChIP-seq experiment you want to discretize. These can be in
BED, WIG, SAM/BAM and GEM (.map) formats and can be gzipped. You can include
as many mock control files and as many experimental replicates as you
need, provided there is at least one mock control and one experimental
replicate. Just enter mock controls after the -0 or --mock option,
and targets after the -1 or --chip option.
For example, you can type in the following commands from the zerone
directory.
./zerone --mock data/mock.sam --chip data/ctcf1.sam,data/ctcf2.sam
Note that path expansion will not work when using comma separated file
names, so if you want to use path names starting with
./zerone -0 data/mock.sam -1 data/ctcf1.sam -1 data/ctcf2.sam
Enter the option -h or --help for usage instructions and --version
to print the version number.
Running any of the examples above should produce an output like the following.
# QC score: 1.723
# features: 0.482, 10.000, 0.017, 0.407, 0.857
# advice: accept discretization.
chr1 1 300 0 0 0 0 0.30024
chr1 301 600 0 0 0 0 0.15942
chr1 601 900 0 0 0 0 0.09334
chr1 901 1200 0 0 0 0 0.06227
...
chr1 998701 999000 1 1 11 4 0.97852
chr1 999001 999300 1 2 72 34 1.00000
chr1 999301 999600 1 2 128 69 1.00000
chr1 999601 999900 1 0 10 5 0.99784
The first three lines contain the result of the quality control. It consists of a quality score followed by the numeric values of 5 features, and an advice to either accept or reject the discretization. The recommendation is to accept if the score is positive and reject if it is negative. If the score is higher than 1 (or lower than -1), the advice is considered extremely reliable.
The five numeric values of the features are not important per se. They
are used to compute the quality score. If only one replicate is
available, the last value and the QC score will be -nan, meaning that
the quality control cannot be performed.
The rest of the lines contain the discretization proper. The first three columns specify the chromosome, start and end positions of each window.
The fourth column represents the enrichment. Zerone classifies each window into one of two possible states. State 0 represents background signal and state 1 represents an enriched window.
The fifth column contains the read counts of all the control profiles summed together per window. The following columns show the number of reads per window in the ChIP-seq files, in the order they were provided. The final column is the estimated probability that the window is a target (it is a confidence score for the call).
With the -l or --list-output option, Zerone produces an alternative
output in which only the targets are shown after merging consecutive
windows. For instance, when running the following command
./zerone -l -0 data/mock.sam -1 data/ctcf1.sam,data/ctcf2.sam
you should obtain the output shown below.
# QC score: 1.723
# features: 0.482, 10.000, 0.017, 0.407, 0.857
# advice: accept discretization.
chr1 237601 238200 1.00000
chr1 521401 522000 0.99969
chr1 567301 567900 0.91861
...
chr1 975901 976500 1.00000
chr1 990001 990600 0.99076
chr1 994201 995400 1.00000
chr1 998701 999900 1.00000
The first three columns are the same as in window output i.e. chromosome or sequence name, start and end. The last column is the confidence score of the called target. It is the highest confidence of the windows merged in the same target region.
Zerone accepts files in BED and WIG formats, but they must be used with caution. Always make sure that the scores represent the number of reads in each window, and use a window size equal to that used by Zerone (it defaults to 300, and can be set with the option -w). This also means that all windows must have the same size.
Once you have installed the Zerone R package, you can load it in your R session with the command
library(zerone)
The package contains a single function called zerone(). You can
display the help page with the command ?zerone. The object
ZeroneExampleData is an example of data.frame properly formatted for
zerone(). The command below runs zerone() on this data and returns
the Viterbi path (inferred sequence of states).
path <- zerone(ZeroneExampleData)
If you want to return the parameters fitted by zerone(), you can do it
as shown below.
listinfo <- zerone(ZeroneExampleData, returnall=TRUE)
The list object listinfo then contains all the associated parameters
and extra information.
In case Zerone crashes, recompile it in debug mode. To do so, run the
following commands from the zerone directory.
make clean
make debug
Then repeat the call that triggered the crash and contact [email protected] attaching the debug information.
If you are using Linux, you can also run the unit tests to check that the code behaves as expected on your machine. For this, run the following commands in the Zerone directory.
make test -C src/unittest
If everything works well, you should see the following output
********************************
* Zerone unit tests *
********************************
hmm/fwdb OK
hmm/fwdb (NAs) OK
hmm/fwdb (underflow) OK
hmm/block_fwdb OK
hmm/block_fwdb (NAs) OK
...
zerone/zinm_prob OK
zerone/bw_zinm OK
zerone/update_trans OK
zerone/eval_bw_f OK
********************************
The tests will not run on every machine (in particular they will not run
on Mac), but this does not mean that something is broken. If
Zerone unit tests in the header does not appear, it means that the
tests cannot be compiled on your machine, but this does not say anything
about Zerone. If one of the tests fails, OK will be replaced by FAIL
and the test harness will give some more information about what went
wrong. You can contact [email protected] attaching the test
results so that we can help you troubleshoot.
You can also share your issues directly on the Github repository at https://github.com/nanakiksc/zerone/issues. Be sure to give enough information so that we can reproduce the issue.
Finally, we provide a Docker image with a running implementation of Zerone. This can serve as an environment to run Zerone if it is not available on your machine, or as an example to see how to configure your own machine. The Docker image is available at https://hub.docker.com/r/nanakiksc/zerone/.