[abseil] Fix missing #include <random> for std::uniform_int_distribution

[therselman]

Please forgive me, but this is my first PR for vcpkg.

What I'm trying to do, is create a patch for a very simple known and fixed bug for abseil.
This issue has already been fixed by this commit in the abseil repo:
abseil/abseil-cpp@c025a93

I experienced the issue when compiling a Protobuf (protoc) generated .pb.cc file (on VS2022), there is an error:
"\absl\algorithm\container.h(797,14): error C2039: 'uniform_int_distribution': is not a member of 'std'"

The issue is not actually in Protobuf, but in the abseil dependancy, and is resolved simply by including a missing file: #include <random>

I've tried my best to create a port and patch for vcpkg, I tried to follow every instruction, but I can't get past error: no version database entry for abseil at 20240116.2#2. Even though I believe I've created the versions file enty correctly. Maybe it's just my local setup.

Thanks for your time.

• Changes comply with the maintainer guide.
• The name of the port matches an existing name for this component on https://repology.org/ if possible, and/or is strongly associated with that component on search engines.
• Optional dependencies are resolved in exactly one way. For example, if the component is built with CMake, all find_package calls are REQUIRED, are satisfied by vcpkg.json's declared dependencies, or disabled with CMAKE_DISABLE_FIND_PACKAGE_Xxx.
• The versioning scheme in vcpkg.json matches what upstream says.
• The license declaration in vcpkg.json matches what upstream says.
• The installed as the "copyright" file matches what upstream says.
• The source code of the component installed comes from an authoritative source.
• The generated "usage text" is accurate. See adding-usage for context.
• The version database is fixed by rerunning ./vcpkg x-add-version --all and committing the result.
• Only one version is in the new port's versions file.
• Only one version is added to each modified port's versions file.

[therselman]

@microsoft-github-policy-service agree

[BillyONeal]

Thanks for the fix and ensuring that it was already fixed upstream!