[R-package] use commandArgs instead of hardcoded stuff in the installation script

[StrikerRUS]

Today, installing the R package with CMake like this:

Rscript build_r.R

Might require you to manually change some flags in R-package/install.libs.R.

LightGBM/R-package/src/install.libs.R

Lines 1 to 4 in e776582

	# User options
	use_precompile <- FALSE
	use_gpu <- FALSE
	use_mingw <- FALSE

Refer to #2164 (comment).

To close this issue, expose those flags as command-line flags so users can do something like this:

Rscript build_r.R --use-gpu

[StrikerRUS]

Closed in favor of being in #2302. We decided to keep all feature requests in one place.

Welcome to contribute this feature! Please re-open this issue (or post a comment if you are not a topic starter) if you are actively working on implementing this feature.

[jameslamb]

if you're reading this and interested in contributing this feature, please comment here. Feel free to @ me with questions

[github-actions]

This issue has been automatically locked since there has not been any recent activity since it was closed. To start a new related discussion, open a new issue at https://github.com/microsoft/LightGBM/issues including a reference to this.