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10 changes: 4 additions & 6 deletions files/en-us/glossary/404/index.md
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- Infrastructure
- Navigation
---
<p>A 404 is a Standard Response Code meaning that the {{Glossary("Server", "server")}} cannot find the requested resource.</p>
A 404 is a Standard Response Code meaning that the {{Glossary("Server", "server")}} cannot find the requested resource.

<h2 id="see_also">See also</h2>
## See also

<ul>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status">list of HTTP response codes</a></li>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Checking_that_your_web_site_is_working_properly">advice for beginners on avoiding 404 errors</a></li>
</ul>
- [list of HTTP response codes](/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status)
- [advice for beginners on avoiding 404 errors](/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Checking_that_your_web_site_is_working_properly)
12 changes: 5 additions & 7 deletions files/en-us/glossary/502/index.md
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- Infrastructure
- Navigation
---
<p>An {{Glossary("HTTP")}} error code meaning "Bad Gateway".</p>
An {{Glossary("HTTP")}} error code meaning "Bad Gateway".

<p>A {{Glossary("Server", "server")}} can act as a gateway or proxy (go-between) between a client (like your Web browser) and another, upstream server. When you request to access a {{Glossary("URL")}}, the gateway server can relay your request to the upstream server. "502" means that the upstream server has returned an invalid response.</p>
A {{Glossary("Server", "server")}} can act as a gateway or proxy (go-between) between a client (like your Web browser) and another, upstream server. When you request to access a {{Glossary("URL")}}, the gateway server can relay your request to the upstream server. "502" means that the upstream server has returned an invalid response.

<p>Normally the upstream server is not down (i.e. furnishes no response to the gateway/proxy), but does not understand the same data-exchange protocol as the gateway/proxy. Internet {{Glossary("Protocol", "protocols")}} are quite explicit, and so a 502 usually means that one or both machines were incorrectly or incompletely programmed.</p>
Normally the upstream server is not down (i.e. furnishes no response to the gateway/proxy), but does not understand the same data-exchange protocol as the gateway/proxy. Internet {{Glossary("Protocol", "protocols")}} are quite explicit, and so a 502 usually means that one or both machines were incorrectly or incompletely programmed.

<h2 id="see_also">See also</h2>
## See also

<ul>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status">list of HTTP response codes</a></li>
</ul>
- [list of HTTP response codes](/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status)
28 changes: 13 additions & 15 deletions files/en-us/glossary/abstraction/index.md
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- Glossary
- Programming Language
---
<p>Abstraction in {{Glossary("computer programming")}} is a way to reduce complexity and allow efficient design and implementation in complex software systems. It hides the technical complexity of systems behind simpler {{Glossary("API", "APIs")}}.</p>
Abstraction in {{Glossary("computer programming")}} is a way to reduce complexity and allow efficient design and implementation in complex software systems. It hides the technical complexity of systems behind simpler {{Glossary("API", "APIs")}}.

<h2 id="Advantages_of_Data_Abstraction">Advantages of Data Abstraction</h2>
## Advantages of Data Abstraction

<ul>
<li>Helps the user to avoid writing low level code.</li>
<li>Avoids code duplication and increases reusability.</li>
<li>Can change internal implementation of class independently without affecting the user.</li>
<li>Helps to increase security of an application or program as only important details are provided to the user.</li>
</ul>
- Helps the user to avoid writing low level code.
- Avoids code duplication and increases reusability.
- Can change internal implementation of class independently without affecting the user.
- Helps to increase security of an application or program as only important details are provided to the user.

<h2 id="Example">Example</h2>
## Example

<pre class="brush: js">class ImplementAbstraction {
```js
class ImplementAbstraction {
// method to set values of internal members
set(x, y) {
this.a = x;
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obj.set(10, 20);
obj.display();
// a = 10
// b = 20</pre>
// b = 20
```

<h2 id="see_also">See also</h2>
## See also

<ul>
<li>{{interwiki("wikipedia", "Abstraction (computer science)", "Abstraction")}} on Wikipedia</li>
</ul>
- {{interwiki("wikipedia", "Abstraction (computer science)", "Abstraction")}} on Wikipedia
20 changes: 9 additions & 11 deletions files/en-us/glossary/accent/index.md
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- Input
- accent
---
<p>An <strong>accent</strong> is a typically bright color that contrasts with the more utilitarian background and foreground colors within a color scheme. These are present in the visual style of many platforms (though not all).</p>
An **accent** is a typically bright color that contrasts with the more utilitarian background and foreground colors within a color scheme. These are present in the visual style of many platforms (though not all).

<p>On the web, an accent is sometimes used in {{HTMLElement("input")}} elements for the active portion of the control, for instance the background of a checked <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/checkbox">checkbox</a>.</p>
On the web, an accent is sometimes used in {{HTMLElement("input")}} elements for the active portion of the control, for instance the background of a checked [checkbox](/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/checkbox).

<h2 id="see_also">See also</h2>
## See also

<h3 id="CSS_related_to_the_accent">CSS related to the accent</h3>
### CSS related to the accent

<p>You can set the color of the accent for a given element by setting the element's CSS {{cssxref("accent-color")}} property to the appropriate {{cssxref("&lt;color&gt;")}} value.</p>
You can set the color of the accent for a given element by setting the element's CSS {{cssxref("accent-color")}} property to the appropriate {{cssxref("&lt;color&gt;")}} value.

<h3 id="HTML_elements_that_may_present_an_accent">HTML elements that may have an accent</h3>
### HTML elements that may have an accent

<ul>
<li><code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/checkbox">&lt;input type="checkbox"&gt;</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/radio">&lt;input type="radio"&gt;</a></code></li>
<li><code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/range">&lt;input type="range"&gt;</a></code></li>
</ul>
- [`<input type="checkbox">`](/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/checkbox)
- [`<input type="radio">`](/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/radio)
- [`<input type="range">`](/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/range)
20 changes: 9 additions & 11 deletions files/en-us/glossary/accessibility/index.md
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- Accessibility
- Glossary
---
<p><em>Web Accessibility</em> (<strong>A11Y</strong>) refers to best practices for keeping a website usable despite physical and technical restrictions. Web accessibility is formally defined and discussed at the {{Glossary("W3C")}} through the {{Glossary("WAI","Web Accessibility Initiative")}} (WAI).</p>
_Web Accessibility_ (**A11Y**) refers to best practices for keeping a website usable despite physical and technical restrictions. Web accessibility is formally defined and discussed at the {{Glossary("W3C")}} through the {{Glossary("WAI","Web Accessibility Initiative")}} (WAI).

<h2 id="see_also">See also</h2>
## See also

<ul>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility">Accessibility resources at MDN</a></li>
<li>{{Interwiki("wikipedia", "Web accessibility")}} on Wikipedia</li>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility">Learn accessibility on MDN</a></li>
<li><a href="https://webaim.org/">Web Accessibility In Mind</a></li>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA">The ARIA documentation on MDN</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/">The Web Accessibility Initiative homepage</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/">The WAI-ARIA recommendation</a></li>
</ul>
- [Accessibility resources at MDN](/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility)
- {{Interwiki("wikipedia", "Web accessibility")}} on Wikipedia
- [Learn accessibility on MDN](/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility)
- [Web Accessibility In Mind](https://webaim.org/)
- [The ARIA documentation on MDN](/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA)
- [The Web Accessibility Initiative homepage](https://www.w3.org/WAI/)
- [The WAI-ARIA recommendation](https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/)
42 changes: 18 additions & 24 deletions files/en-us/glossary/accessibility_tree/index.md
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- Glossary
- Reference
---
<p>The <strong>accessibility tree</strong> contains {{Glossary("accessibility")}}-related information for most HTML elements.</p>
The **accessibility tree** contains {{Glossary("accessibility")}}-related information for most HTML elements.

<p>Browsers convert markup into an internal representation called the <em><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document_object_model/How_to_create_a_DOM_tree">DOM tree</a></em>. The DOM tree contains objects representing all the markup’s elements, attributes, and text nodes. Browsers then create an accessibility tree based on the DOM tree, which is used by platform-specific Accessibility APIs to provide a representation that can be understood by assistive technologies, such as screen readers.</p>
Browsers convert markup into an internal representation called the _[DOM tree](/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document_object_model/How_to_create_a_DOM_tree)_. The DOM tree contains objects representing all the markup’s elements, attributes, and text nodes. Browsers then create an accessibility tree based on the DOM tree, which is used by platform-specific Accessibility APIs to provide a representation that can be understood by assistive technologies, such as screen readers.

<p>There are four things in an accessibility tree object:</p>
There are four things in an accessibility tree object:

<dl>
<dt><strong>name</strong></dt>
<dd>How can we refer to this thing? For instance, a link with the text "Read more" will have "Read more" as its name (find more on how names are computed in the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-1.1/">Accessible Name and Description Computation spec</a>).</dd>
<dt><strong>description</strong></dt>
<dd>How do we describe this thing, if we want to provide more description beyond the name? The description of a table could explain what kind of information the table contains.</dd>
<dt><strong>role</strong></dt>
<dd>What kind of thing is it? For example, is it a button, a nav bar, or a list of items?</dd>
<dt><strong>state</strong></dt>
<dd>Does it have a state? Examples include checked or unchecked for checkboxes, and collapsed or expanded for the <code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/summary">&lt;summary&gt;</a></code> element.</dd>
</dl>
- **name**
- : How can we refer to this thing? For instance, a link with the text "Read more" will have "Read more" as its name (find more on how names are computed in the [Accessible Name and Description Computation spec](https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-1.1/)).
- **description**
- : How do we describe this thing, if we want to provide more description beyond the name? The description of a table could explain what kind of information the table contains.
- **role**
- : What kind of thing is it? For example, is it a button, a nav bar, or a list of items?
- **state**
- : Does it have a state? Examples include checked or unchecked for checkboxes, and collapsed or expanded for the [`<summary>`](/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/summary) element.

<p>Additionally, the accessibility tree often contains information on what can be done with an element: a link can be <em>followed</em>, a text input can be <em>typed into</em>, etc.</p>
Additionally, the accessibility tree often contains information on what can be done with an element: a link can be _followed_, a text input can be _typed into_, etc.

<p>While still in draft form within the Web Incubator Community Group, the <strong><a href="https://wicg.github.io/aom/explainer.html">Accessibility Object Model</a> (AOM)</strong> intends to incubate APIs that make it easier to express accessibility semantics and potentially allow read access to the computed accessibility tree.</p>
While still in draft form within the Web Incubator Community Group, the **[Accessibility Object Model](https://wicg.github.io/aom/explainer.html) (AOM)** intends to incubate APIs that make it easier to express accessibility semantics and potentially allow read access to the computed accessibility tree.

<h2 id="see_also">See also</h2>
## See also

<ul>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Glossary">Glossary</a>
<ul>
<li>{{Glossary("Accessibility")}}</li>
<li>{{Glossary("ARIA")}}</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
- [Glossary](/en-US/docs/Glossary)

- {{Glossary("Accessibility")}}
- {{Glossary("ARIA")}}
25 changes: 11 additions & 14 deletions files/en-us/glossary/adobe_flash/index.md
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- Glossary
- Infrastructure
---
<p>Flash is a deprecated technology developed by Adobe for viewing expressive web applications, multimedia content, and streaming media. Adobe Flash can run from supporting {{Glossary("Browser","web browsers")}} via a browser plug-in.</p>
Flash is a deprecated technology developed by Adobe for viewing expressive web applications, multimedia content, and streaming media. Adobe Flash can run from supporting {{Glossary("Browser","web browsers")}} via a browser plug-in.

<h2 id="see_also">See also</h2>
## See also

<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.adobe.com/products/flashruntimes.html">Official web site</a></li>
<li><a href="https://mozilla.github.io/shumway/">Shumway, a free implementation by Mozilla</a></li>
<li><a href="http://gnashdev.org/">Gnash, a free implementation by GNU</a></li>
<li><a href="https://ruffle.rs">Ruffle, a free implementation</a></li>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Glossary">Glossary</a>
<ol>
<li>{{Glossary("Browser")}}</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>{{Interwiki("wikipedia", "Adobe Flash")}} (Wikipedia)</li>
</ul>
- [Official web site](https://www.adobe.com/products/flashruntimes.html)
- [Shumway, a free implementation by Mozilla](https://mozilla.github.io/shumway/)
- [Gnash, a free implementation by GNU](http://gnashdev.org/)
- [Ruffle, a free implementation](https://ruffle.rs)
- [Glossary](/en-US/docs/Glossary)

1. {{Glossary("Browser")}}

- {{Interwiki("wikipedia", "Adobe Flash")}} (Wikipedia)
34 changes: 15 additions & 19 deletions files/en-us/glossary/ajax/index.md
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- CodingScripting
- Glossary
- Infrastructure
- 'l10n:priority'
- l10n:priority
---
<p><strong>Ajax</strong>, which initially stood for Asynchronous {{Glossary("JavaScript")}} And {{Glossary("XML")}}, is a programming practice of building complex, dynamic webpages using a technology known as {{Glossary("XHR_(XMLHttpRequest)","XMLHttpRequest")}}.</p>
**Ajax**, which initially stood for Asynchronous {{Glossary("JavaScript")}} And {{Glossary("XML")}}, is a programming practice of building complex, dynamic webpages using a technology known as {{Glossary("XHR_(XMLHttpRequest)","XMLHttpRequest")}}.

<p>Ajax allows you to update parts of the {{Glossary("DOM")}} of an {{Glossary("HTML")}} page instead without the need for a full page refresh. Ajax also lets you work asynchronously, meaning your code continues to run while the targeted part of your web page is trying to reload (compared to synchronously, which blocks your code from running until that part of your page is done reloading).</p>
Ajax allows you to update parts of the {{Glossary("DOM")}} of an {{Glossary("HTML")}} page instead without the need for a full page refresh. Ajax also lets you work asynchronously, meaning your code continues to run while the targeted part of your web page is trying to reload (compared to synchronously, which blocks your code from running until that part of your page is done reloading).

<p>With interactive websites and modern web standards, Ajax is gradually being replaced by functions within JavaScript frameworks and the official {{domxref("Fetch API")}} Standard.</p>
With interactive websites and modern web standards, Ajax is gradually being replaced by functions within JavaScript frameworks and the official {{domxref("Fetch API")}} Standard.

<h2 id="see_also">See also</h2>
## See also

<ul>
<li>{{interwiki("wikipedia", "AJAX")}} on Wikipedia</li>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/AJAX">Ajax</a></li>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/AJAX/Getting_Started">Ajax - Getting started</a></li>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Glossary">Glossary</a>:
<ul>
<li>{{Glossary("XHR_(XMLHttpRequest)","XMLHttpRequest")}}</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>{{DOMxRef("XMLHttpRequest")}}</li>
<li>{{DOMxRef("Fetch API")}}</li>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API/Using_Fetch">Using Fetch API</a></li>
<li><a href="https://peoplesofttutorial.com/difference-between-synchronous-and-asynchronous-messaging/">Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Communications</a></li>
</ul>
- {{interwiki("wikipedia", "AJAX")}} on Wikipedia
- [Ajax](/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/AJAX)
- [Ajax - Getting started](/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/AJAX/Getting_Started)
- [Glossary](/en-US/docs/Glossary):

- {{Glossary("XHR_(XMLHttpRequest)","XMLHttpRequest")}}

- {{DOMxRef("XMLHttpRequest")}}
- {{DOMxRef("Fetch API")}}
- [Using Fetch API](/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API/Using_Fetch)
- [Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Communications](https://peoplesofttutorial.com/difference-between-synchronous-and-asynchronous-messaging/)
26 changes: 11 additions & 15 deletions files/en-us/glossary/algorithm/index.md
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- CodingScripting
- Glossary
---
<p>An algorithm is a self-contained series of instructions to perform a function.</p>
An algorithm is a self-contained series of instructions to perform a function.

<p>In other words, an algorithm is a means of describing a way to solve a problem so that it can be solved repeatedly, by humans or machines. Computer scientists compare the efficiency of algorithms through the concept of "Algorithmic Complexity" or "Big O" notation.</p>
In other words, an algorithm is a means of describing a way to solve a problem so that it can be solved repeatedly, by humans or machines. Computer scientists compare the efficiency of algorithms through the concept of "Algorithmic Complexity" or "Big O" notation.

<p>For example:</p>
For example:

<ul>
<li>A cooking recipe is a simple algorithm for humans.</li>
<li>A sorting algorithm is often used in computer programming to explain a machine how to sort data.</li>
</ul>
- A cooking recipe is a simple algorithm for humans.
- A sorting algorithm is often used in computer programming to explain a machine how to sort data.

<p>Common algorithms are Pathfinding algorithms such as the Traveling Salesman Problem, Tree Traversal algorithms and so on.</p>
Common algorithms are Pathfinding algorithms such as the Traveling Salesman Problem, Tree Traversal algorithms and so on.

<p>There are also Machine Learning algorithms such as Linear Regression, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) Neural Network, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Deep Convolutional Neural Network and so on.</p>
There are also Machine Learning algorithms such as Linear Regression, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) Neural Network, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Deep Convolutional Neural Network and so on.

<h2 id="see_also">See also</h2>
## See also

<ul>
<li>{{Interwiki("wikipedia", "Algorithm", "Algorithm")}} on Wikipedia</li>
<li><a href="https://www.toptal.com/developers/sorting-algorithms">Explanations of sorting algorithms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://bigocheatsheet.com/">Explanations of algorithmic complexity</a></li>
</ul>
- {{Interwiki("wikipedia", "Algorithm", "Algorithm")}} on Wikipedia
- [Explanations of sorting algorithms](https://www.toptal.com/developers/sorting-algorithms)
- [Explanations of algorithmic complexity](https://bigocheatsheet.com/)
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