Programming exercises: Add Rust programming template

[magaupp]

Checklist

General

• I tested all changes and their related features with all corresponding user types on a test server.
• Language: I followed the guidelines for inclusive, diversity-sensitive, and appreciative language.
• I chose a title conforming to the naming conventions for pull requests.

Server

• Important: I implemented the changes with a very good performance and prevented too many (unnecessary) database calls.
• I strictly followed the server coding and design guidelines.

Changes affecting Programming Exercises

• High priority: I tested all changes and their related features with all corresponding user types on a test server configured with the integrated lifecycle setup (LocalVC and LocalCI).
• I tested all changes and their related features with all corresponding user types locally with Gitlab and Jenkins.
• I tested all changes and their related features with all corresponding user types on a test server configured with Gitlab and GitLab CI.

Motivation and Context

Description

This PR adds a programming language template for Rust.

The template runs standard cargo tests using the cargo-nextest runner for JUnit output.

In the server code Rust is added to the ProgrammingLanguage enum and its switch statements.

The template exercise example is the Strategy Pattern exercise as used in Java, Python and Swift.
Rust's reference rules and the long lived references of OOP patterns do not combine well. To not over-complicate the implementation, I moved the dates member of Context to the respective method parameters with shorter lifetimes.

For testing code to be able to query the runtime type of trait objects (Box<dyn SortStrategy>) the trait needs to have Any as a supertrait.
Because Rust has no reflection, structural tests are implemented by parsing the source code files.

Steps for Testing

Prerequisites:

• Rust development tools installed
• 1 Instructor
• 1 Course
• 1 Student

High-Level Instructions

1. Create a Rust Programming Exercise
2. Run the Cargo Test Suite locally
3. Add your own tasks
4. Solve the exercise as a Student

Setup

1. Log in as Instructor to Artemis
2. Navigate to Course Administration
3. Create a new Programming Exercise
4. Select Rust as the programming language
5. Fill out the required fields and click on Generate
6. The Template Result should build and fail with 13 test cases
7. The Solution Result should build and pass with 13 test cases

Local Test

11. Clone the Test Repository into test/
12. Clone the Solution Repository into test/assignment/
13. Enter the test/ directory
14. Run cargo test
15. The test should pass

Exercise Participation

28. Log in as a Student
29. Navigate to the exercise
30. Start the exercise
31. Solve the exercise incorrectly
32. The tests should fail
33. Solve the exercise correctly
34. The tests should pass

Cleanup

35. Log in as an Instructor
36. Delete the exercise

Testserver States

Note

These badges show the state of the test servers.
Green = Currently available, Red = Currently locked

Review Progress

Performance Review

• I (as a reviewer) confirm that the client changes (in particular related to REST calls and UI responsiveness) are implemented with a very good performance
• I (as a reviewer) confirm that the server changes (in particular related to database calls) are implemented with a very good performance

Code Review

• Code Review 1
• Code Review 2

Manual Tests

• Test 1
• Test 2

Test Coverage

Screenshots

Summary by CodeRabbit

Summary by CodeRabbit

• New Features

  • Added support for the Rust programming language across various services and configurations.
  • Implemented build and test scripts for Rust projects in Jenkins and GitLab CI.
  • Developed structured sorting algorithms using the Strategy Pattern in Rust.
  • Introduced new files for Rust exercises and testing, including sorting algorithms and utility functions.

• Documentation

  • Updated documentation to clarify capabilities of programming exercise templates with Rust support.

[b-fein]

👍 for code and manual test in Jenkins setup.

[JohannesStoehr]

Reapprove Artemis code

[SimonEntholzer]

Tested on Ts3 and works

[pzdr7]

LGTM on TS3