[10.x] Fix Queue::push() ignoring job delays

[SjorsO]

This PR fixes job delay not working when dispatched like this:

$job = new SomeJob();

$job->delay(now()->addMinute());

Queue::push($job);

The delay() method comes from the Queuable trait, which is on jobs by default. The code above looks like it should work, but it doesn't. This is a pretty annoying problem to deal with, because during development you're likely to use the sync queue connection that doesn't support delays. This means you won't notice that the delay doesn't work until you push your code to production.

In my case I wrote a job that pinged a server, and on failure re-dispatched itself with a 30 second delay. Because the delay didn't work it executed all attempts in a row instantly without any delay. Luckily I made my code stop after 3 attempts, if I didn't have that limit it would have have been stuck in an infinite loop.

Fixes #46568

[bert-w]

I created a more generic solution here #46591

[taylorotwell]

This is not supposed to work. It was never an intended way to queue delayed jobs. The documented way to delay queued jobs is in the docs.